Abstract: A railroad grade crossing system comprises a plurality of plates that rest on selected ties. The plates have two or more upstanding projections with threaded openings extending through them. The plates are positioned at the intersections of adjacent elastomeric grade crossing panels that have recesses defined in their lower surfaces that receive the projections. Bores extending through the panels coaxially with the recesses permit bolts to be installed through the panels into threaded engagement with the projections. Since adjacent panels are attached to a common plate, they become interconnected so that the weight of an entire crossing element will resist movement of the panels. In a typical application there are three crossing elements; a gauge element between the rails, and a field crossing element between each rail and the adjacent roadway. Typically, the gauge panels only extend half-way between the rails so that each gauge plate is coupled to the inner corner of four adjacent gauge panels.

Abstract: An abrasion-resistant liner for centrifugal solids type pumps comprises a plurality of hard metal segments attached to the inner circumferential wall of a conventional pump in spaced apart condition thereabout. The open spaces thus formed between each adjacent hard metal liner segment receive a soft abrasion-resistant material such as rubber, synthetic thermoplastic resin, or other polymer or elastomer material, bonded, vulcanized or otherwise secured to the pump housing and to the hard liner segments, thereby forming a plurality of alternating liner segments of hard and soft material, together forming an even, smooth liner surface substantially encircling the impeller of the pump. In this manner, solids and sharp objects being pumped are deflected by the spaced apart metal segments, reducing damage of the abrasion-resistant material, while the meal segments also serve to more positively secure the soft abrasion-resistant material in bonded condition on the pump housing.