Abstract: A method for the mechanical working of metals and alloys which comprises conducting the mechanical working in the presence of an aqueous cooling lubricant having a pH of 6-10 and containing a phosphate ester of the formula R1(oxyalkylene)nOP(O)(X)(OH)??(I), or (HO)2(O)P-(oxyalkylene)mOP(O)(OH)2??(II), where R1 is an alkyl group with 1-12 carbon atoms, oxyalkylene is a group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, n is a number from 1-20, X is hydroxyl, R1O or R1(oxyalkylene)nO, where R1, oxyalkylene and n have the meanings mentioned above, and m is a number from 4-40, or a salt thereof, and an alkenyl substituted succinic acid of the formula HOOCCH(R2)CH2COOH??(III), where R2 is an alkenyl group with 4-10 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of any of the compounds I, II and III.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for mechanical working of a metal containing copper, aluminum or an alloy thereof. The method is carried out in the presence of an aqueous cooling lubricant containing an alkanol amine. The lubricant is capable of preventing and reducing the corrosion of both metals and iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous metalworking liquid, which has the form of a clear solution at 20 ° C., is precipitated at a temperature higher than 20 ° C. and contains: (a) a polypropylene glycol compound containing 6-100 propyleneoxy groups and lacking the presence of hydrocarbons groups having more than 12 carbon atoms, and (b) at least one water-soluble anionic compound, selected from the group consisting of a phosphate ester or an ether carboxylate, the anionic compound containing 1-40 oxyalkylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms and lacking presence of hydrocarbon groups with more than 12 carbon atoms. The metalworking liquid has excellent lubricating properties and can easily be worked up and reused without leaving troublesome coatings on the metal surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic sugar surfactants with improved biodegradability that can be used as hydrotropes for surfactants, especially for nonionic alkylene oxide adducts in alkaline solutions, and as cleaners for hard surfaces. The cationic sugar surfactants contain at least one hydrocarbon group with 6-24 carbon atoms and at least one quaternary ammonium group where at least one substituent is an alkyleneoxy containing group which is connected to a saccharide residue by a glycosidic bond. They are obtained from ethoxylated quaternary ammounium compounds and reducing saccharides or alkyl glycosides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic sugar surfactants with improved biodegradability that can be used as hydrotropes for surfactants, especially for nonionic alkylene oxide adducts in alkaline solutions, and as cleaners for hard surfaces. The cationic sugar surfactants contain at least one hydrocarbon group with 6-24 carbon atoms and at least one quaternary ammonium group where at least one substituent is an alkyleneoxy containing group which is connected to a saccharide residue by a glycosidic bond. They are obtained from ethoxylated quaternary ammounium compounds and reducing saccharides or alkyl glycosides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic sugar surfactants with improved biodegradability that can be used as hydrotropes for surfactants, especially for nonionic alkylene oxide adducts in alkaline solutions, and as cleaners for hard surfaces. The cationic sugar surfactants contain at least one hydrocarbon group with 6-24 carbon atoms and at least one quaternary ammonium group where at least one substituent is an alkyleneoxy containing group which is connected to a saccharide residue by a glycosidic bond. They are obtained from ethoxylated quaternary ammounium compounds and reducing saccharides or alkyl glycosides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for mechanically working of cobalt-containing metals or performing metalworking with a tool made of a metal containing cobalt. The method is carried out in the presence of an aqueous cooling lubricant containing a combination of an alkanolamine, a mono- or diphosphate ester and a mono- or dicarboxylic acid. The combination is capable of reducing both the release of cobalt ions and the corrosion of iron. In addition it also contributes essentially to the lubrication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for mechanical working of metal and other solid materials with a cooling and lubricating composition containing a major portion of carbon dioxide and a minor portion of a polar lubricant containing at least one polar organic compound with at least one oxygen atom. The polar groups may be selected from the group consisting of the ether, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester and amido group or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an amphoteric compound as solubilizer and discloses an alkaline concentrate in the form of a clear aqueous solution which, after diluting with water, is suitable for use as detergent and which contains as least 4% by weight of a nonionic alkoxylate surfactant containing 2-12, preferably 3-10 alkyleneoxy groups having 2-4 carbon atoms, at least 50% of the alkyleneoxy groups being ethyleneoxy groups, at least 13% of a complexing agent, and 1-15% by weight of an amphoteric compound.

Abstract: Secondary amines having the formula (I): R(Y).sub.s NHX, in which R is a hydrocarbon group having 2-12 carbon atoms, Y is the group --CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 -- or --O(CH.sub.2).sub.3, X is an alkyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms and substituted with hydroxyl groups in the 2-position or in the 2 - and 3-positions, and s is 0 or 1 with the condition that when s is 0, then X is an alkyl group substituted in the 2- and 3-positions, or a salt thereof, are used as anticorrosion and antimicrobial agents. They are suitable to be incorporated in aqueous, alkaline, industrial fluids. An aqueous, alkaline metal working fluid is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method of producing an amide product mixture having a low content of secondary amines by reacting an amide product mixture having a high secondary amine content with an aliphatic alkylene oxide in the absence of an essential amount of any alkoxylation catalyst. The amide product mixture obtained contains a minor amount of tertiary amines and exhibits advantageous properties when used for the formulation of cosmetic products, such as shampoos and creams; foam cleaning compositions, e.g. for textiles and cars; and functional fluids, such as lubricants, metal working fluids and hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A method of providing a cosmetic product or a cleaning composition with defoaming properties, includes adding to the cosmetic product or the cleaning composition a triethanolamine product mixture which has not been distilled and which is composed of a major part by weight of triethanolamine; a minor part by weight of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. Preferably, the triethanolamine product mixture is composed of from 60-90% by weight of triethanolamine; from 10-40% by weight of a mixture of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.

Abstract: The process of providing functional fluids with at least one of corrosion inhibiting ability or defoaming properties, including adding to a functional fluid a triethanolamine product mixture containing a major part (at least 50%, preferably from 60-90%) by weight of at least one triethanolamine; a minor part (preferably from 10-40%) by weight of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. Preferably the functional fluid is an aqueous metal working fluid.

Abstract: A method for mechanically working cobalt-containing metals is carried out in the presence of a synthetic metal working liquid containing specific tertiary amines which are alkanol amines capable of reducing both the release of cobalt and the corrosion of iron. The alkanol amine compounds contain one or more hydrophobic groups, such as alkyl groups or higher alkylene oxy groups. A concentrate is provided which contains the alkanol amine compounds and which is suitable, after dilution with water, for use in mechanical working.

Abstract: Aqueous concentrated cooling lubricants are provided in the form of a stable solution ready to use after dilution with water in processes for the mechanical working of aluminum and aluminum alloys, and containing as lubricating and corrosion inhibiting agents a combination of (a) a carboxylic acid R.sub.1 COOH, R.sub.1 having from about seven to about twenty-two carbon atoms, (b) a tertiary alkylalkanolamine having a molecular weight of less than 300 and (c) a water-soluble organic solubilizer having a molecular weight of less than 400, and a hydrocarbon group of at most 6 carbon atoms, the amounts of the carboxylic acid and the alkanolamine being selected to provide a base/acid equivalent ratio of less than 0.9.

Abstract: Process and compositions for mechanical working of aluminum and aluminum alloys in the presence of an aqueous stable cooling lubricant solution consisting essentially of:(a) a carboxylic acid having a hydrophobic group of from about seven to about fourteen carbon atoms and(b) a tertiary alkylalkanolamine having a molecular weight of less than 300, the amounts of the carboxylic acid and tertiary alkylalkanolamine being selected to provide in the solution a base/acid equivalent ratio alkylalkanolamine to carboxylic acid of less than 1.0.