Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed provide for service assessment. The method includes receiving at least one fault code of an engine control unit (ECU); determining at least one root cause based on the at least one fault code of the ECU; determining an estimated labor time for fixing the at least one root cause; and outputting the at least one root cause and the estimated labor time to a display.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for coupling or joining pipes and tubes wherein an elastic force stored in said elastic coupling perpetually exerts a force that maintains a leak-proof connection between two ends of the pipes or tubes. Said elastic coupling comprises a plurality of the segments of an elastic ring having a cross section of annulus with an opening on the inward side of said elastic ring and a clamping collar of annular geometry with a groove on the inward side of said clamping ring, in which groove said plurality of the elastic ring segments are disposed in a confined fashion. The rims of two matching flanges built on each end of two pipes or tubes to be connected are received by said plurality of the elastic ring segments through said openings of the elastic ring segments.

Abstract: This invention relates to a valve wherein the valve disc is actively pressured onto the valve seat for a positive closure by means of a compressive force exerted on the stem which is linked to the center of the valve disc at a slanted angle. A tensile force applied to the stem disengages the valve disc from the valve seat that facilitates the opening and closing action of the valve.