Abstract: Presented are systems and methods to simultaneously produce and store energy in the form of chemical products such as hydrogen and other chemical products, thereby, reducing or eliminating the need to store energy in lithium-ion batteries. In various embodiments this is accomplished by converting energy from a renewable energy source to generate and accelerate an electron beam so as to generate electromagnetic radiation at frequencies equal to absorption frequencies of chemical reactants in order to produce the desired chemical products.

Abstract: Presented are systems and methods to simultaneously produce and store energy in the form of chemical products such as hydrogen and other chemical products, thereby, reducing or eliminating the need to store energy in lithium-ion batteries. In various embodiments this is accomplished by converting energy from a renewable energy source to generate and accelerate an electron beam so as to generate electromagnetic radiation at frequencies equal to absorption frequencies of chemical reactants in order to produce the desired chemical products.

Abstract: Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a radiant energy transfer reactor. The radiant energy is absorbed by the molecules which dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.

Abstract: Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a plasma. The plasma causes the water molecules to dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.

Abstract: A method of removing impurities in a film is disclosed. The method includes generating hydrogen radicals including inputting a hydrogen radical precursor material to a radical source including a plasma chamber, that is external to a processing chamber, the radical source having an outlet in fluid communication with the processing chamber and creating a plasma in the plasma chamber. The hydrogen radicals are input into the processing chamber from the outlet of the radical source. The processing chamber has a pressure of between about 1 millitorr and about 10 torr and an impurity-containing film on a target is exposed to the hydrogen radicals. A system for reducing an oxide in an exposed surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: Chemical generator and method for generating a chemical species at a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The species is generated by creating free radicals, and combining the free radicals to form the chemical species at the point of use.

Abstract: Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a radiant energy transfer reactor. The radiant energy is absorbed by the molecules which dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.

Abstract: Water molecules, preferably in the form of steam or water vapor, are introduced into a plasma. The plasma causes the water molecules to dissociate into their constituent molecular elements of hydrogen and oxygen. To prevent recombining of the constituent molecular elements, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other. Various devices may be employed to effect this separation. Once separated, the molecular components are prevented from recombining with each other or with other elements by using standard separation techniques normally employed for separating dissimilar gaseous species.

Abstract: Chemical generator and method for generating a chemical species at a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The species is generated by creating free radicals, and combining the free radicals to form the chemical species at the point of use.

Abstract: Chemical generators and methods are described for generating a desired chemical species at or near a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The chemical species is generated by dissociating precursor materials to create free radicals, and combining the free radicals, alone or in combination with other materials, to form the chemical species. An inductively coupled plasma preferably performs such dissociation.

Abstract: Chemical generator and method for generating a chemical species at a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The species is generated by creating free radicals, and combining the free radicals to form the chemical species at the point of use.

Abstract: Chemical generator and method for generating a chemical species at a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The species is generated by creating free radicals, and combining the free radicals to form the chemical species at the point of use.

Abstract: Chemical generator and method for generating a chemical species at a point of use such as the chamber of a reactor in which a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is to be processed. The species is generated by creating free radicals, and combining the free radicals to form the chemical species at the point of use.

Abstract: A disk medium includes a substrate and a designed topography of individually magnetizable features formed on the surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the disk topography is formed from an etched layer of magnetizable material deposited on the surface of the substrate. An information storing and retrieving system records information on the disk medium magnetically and reads the recorded information optically or magnetically. The information stored in the disk is of the form of bits each represented by a magnetic field established in the features. The direction of the magnetic field can be in a direction other than the bitstream direction, with the magnetic storing and retrieving system having a pair of non-parallel heads adapted to recognize this direction as representative of discrete logic levels formulating the basis of a non-binary storage system having significantly increased storage density.

Abstract: A disk medium includes a substrate and a designed topography of individually magnetizable features formed on the surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the disk topography is formed from an etched layer of magnetizable material deposited on the surface of the substrate. An information storing and retrieving system records information on the disk medium magnetically and reads the recorded information optically or magnetically. The information stored in the disk is of the form of bits each represented by a magnetic field established in the features. The direction of the magnetic field can be in a direction other than the bitstream direction, with the magnetic storing and retrieving system having a pair of non-parallel heads adapted to recognize this direction as representative of discrete logic levels formulating the basis of a non-binary storage system having significantly increased storage density.

Abstract: A disk medium includes a substrate and a designed topography of individually magnetizable features formed on the surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the topography is formed from an etched layer of magnetizable material deposited on the surface of the substrate. An information handling system records information on the disk medium magnetically and reads the recorded information optically or magnetically.

Abstract: A disk medium includes a substrate and a designed topography of individually magnetizable features formed on the surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the topography is formed from an etched layer of magnetizable material deposited on the surface of the substrate. An information system records information on the disk medium magnetically and reads the recorded information optically or magnetically.

Abstract: Means for increasing the selectivity of photoresist stripping to oxide etching are disclosed. A plasma of an oxidizing gas, a fluoride-containing compound, and a hydrocarbon contains reactive species that preferentially strip photoresist from a substrate with little etching of oxide on the substrate's surface when the reactive species contact the substrate. The reactor, compositions, and methods disclosed are particularly useful in processes for etching silicon wafers to form semiconductor or microelectromechanical devices.

Abstract: A disk medium includes a substrate and a designed topography of individually magnetizable features formed on the surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the topography is formed from an etched layer of magnetizable material deposited on the surface of the substrate. An information handling system records information on the disk medium magnetically and reads the recorded information optically or magnetically.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk medium, a substrate is etched to have a designed, controlled topography. A magnetic recording medium and a protective layer are provided over the substrate. A method for controlling production of the surface characteristics of the magnetic disk medium is controlled to optimize surface characteristics for use of the magnetic disk medium in a magnetic disk apparatus that reads information stored on the magnetic disk medium.