Abstract: An essentially anhydrous agitated mixture of (i) finely-divided essentially anhydrous alkali metal fluoride (e.g., KF), (ii) haloaromatic compound having at least one halogen atom of atomic number greater than 9 on an aromatic ring (e.g., C.sub.6 Cl.sub.6), and (iii) an aminophosphonium catalyst (e.g., (Et.sub.2 N).sub.4 PBr), is heated at a temperature at which fluorine replaces one or more of the ring halogen atom of the haloaromatic compound.

Abstract: The reaction between a hafnium tetrahalide-diamine adduct and a metallated bis(cyclopentadienyl-moiety containing) ligand, offers great promise as a way of producing racemic hafnocenes, but involves a number of complications. Tetrahydrofuran, a commonly-used solvent/diluent for such reactions, when present in substantial portions in the liquid reaction medium containing the reactants and/or reaction product(s) has been found to cause a substantial reduction in yields of chiral hafnocenes. Apparently the presence of a substantial amount of THF causes or at least results in the formation of increased amounts of the undesirable meso isomer, tends to cause or result in tar formation, and results in a product having poor filterability. Thus large amounts of THF if fed to the reactor with the reactant(s) are purged to a suitably low level, replaced by a liquid aromatic hydrocarbon, and then the reaction mixture is heated to a higher reaction temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for obtaining [S,S] ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid precipitate from an aqueous solution of the salts of such acid and L-aspartic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selectively producing and recovering [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid by the reaction of L-aspartic acid and 1,2-dihaloethane in an aqueous medium, wherein a stoichiometric deficiency of 1,2-dihaloethane is used and wherein the resultant aqueous solution obtained from the reaction is co-fed to water with a mineral acid to preferentially precipitate out [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid from the solution.

Abstract: Olefin is formed by displacing alkyl groups of aluminum trialkyl by contacting ethylene with the aluminum trialkyl in an ethylene:aluminum trialkyl mol ratio in the range of 2-8:1 at about 0.degree.-70.degree. C. and at atmospheric up to about 1000 psia pressure, for a reaction time of about 0.5 to about 60 minutes in the presence of a displacement enhancing amount of a nickel- or cobalt-containing displacement catalyst. Despite the fact that the displacement reaction is an equilibrium reaction, the process does not use, as did the prior art, large excesses of ethylene to shift the equilibrium to favor displacement. Consequently, the volumes of ethylene used in the processing are reduced very substantially and yet yields of the desired displaced alpha olefin remain favorable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for converting calcium salts of [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid to an easily filterable precipitate of [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active aliphatic carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid, ester or salt thereof at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention povides to a process for making an aluminum trialkyl product which process comprises reacting a mixture comprising, (i) an aluminum alkyl feed which contains one or more aluminum alkyls represented by the formula R.sub.3 Al, where R represents a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 straight chain alkyl radical and each R can be the same or different, the alkyl radicals in said aluminum alkyl feed having an average chain length of at least about C.sub.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are continuously prepared from internal olefins by (i) continuously feeding internal olefin, isomerization catalyst and tri-lower alkyl aluminum to a reaction zone so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, (ii) continuously removing trialkylaluminum compound from the reaction zone and, thereafter (iii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: This invention povides to a process for making an aluminum trialkyl product which process comprises reacting a mixture comprising, (i) an aluminum alkyl feed which contains one or more aluminum alkyls represented by the formula R.sub.3 Al, where R represents a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 straight chain alkyl radical and each R can be the same or different, the alkyl radicals in said aluminum alkyl feed having an average chain length of at least about C.sub.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are continuously prepared from internal olevins by (i) continuously feeding internal olefin, isomerization catalyst and tri-lower alkyl aluminum to a reaction zone so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, (ii) continuously removing trialkylaluminum compound from the reaction zone and, thereafter, (iii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefin is removed from an olefin mixture containing about 1 to 55 mole percent vinylidene olefin, 0 to 20 mole percent internal olefin, and the balance vinyl olefin, by:(A) reacting the olefin mixture in the presence of a BF.sub.3 -water and/or organic promoter catalyst system so as to selectively dimerize said vinylidene olefin, and(B) separating said vinyl olefin and internal olefin from the dimerized vinylidene olefin to produce an olefin product having a reduced vinylidene olefin content compared to said olefin mixture.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin is prepared from internal and/or vinylidene olefin by reacting the internal and/or vinylidene olefin with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Re.sub.2 O.sub.7 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for preparing ibuprofen is described. The improved process involves the treatment of spent palladium carbonylation catalyst with oxygen at about 300.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. The treated material then used with a phosphine ligand to carbonylate 1-halo-1-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)ethane, 1-hydroxyl-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane, or isobutylstyrene to produce ibuprofen.

Abstract: A new process for preparing ibuprofen or its alkyl esters is provided. A 1-halo-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of water or an alcohol at a temperature between about 10.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of water or alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a palladium compound and at least one acid-stable ligand are present; however an excess of ligand over palladium is advantageous.

Abstract: A process for recovering BF.sub.3 from a BF.sub.3 -promoter catalyzed .alpha.-olefin oligomerization process is disclosed wherein the oligomer reaction product is water washed to extract BF.sub.3 as its hydrate and any water soluble promoter and the water extract is distilled to remove components boiling below BF.sub.3 hydrate overhead leaving a residual product which is at least 50 weight percent BF.sub.3 in the form of BF.sub.3 hydrate.

Abstract: Boron trifluoride wash water from an olefin oligomerization process can be disposed of in an environmentally safe manner by hydrolysis to substantially eliminate fluoroborate anions (BF.sub.4 --), mixing with CaO or Ca(OH).sub.2 and concentration in any sequence followed by mixing with portland cement and solidification. The cured cement is highly resistant to aqueous leach of boron and fluorine containing products.

Abstract: A high viscosity index olefin oligomer is made by feeding an olefin monomer near the top of a distillation column, maintaining the overhead temperature near the boiling point of the olefin monomer at system pressure and maintaining the bottom of the column and the reboiler at a temperature just above the boiling point of the highest boiling oligomer that is to be excluded from the product. An oligomerization catalyst (e.g. AlCl.sub.3) is introduced into the column. The catalyst has a boiling point or sublimation temperature which is too low to permit passage out the bottom of the column and too high to cause it to escape out the top of the column.