Abstract: According to an example embodiment of the present invention a semiconductor die having a resistive electrical connection is analyzed. Heat is directed to the die as the die is undergoing a state-changing operation to cause a failure due to suspect circuitry. The die is monitored, and a circuit path that electrically changes in response to the heat is detected and used to detect that a particular portion therein of the circuit is resistive. In this manner, the detection and localization of a semiconductor die defect that includes a resistive portion of a circuit path is enhanced.

Abstract: A system and method for exposing and/or milling a copper metallization layer disposed in dielectric that may have an overlying polyimide layer preferably by use of a FIB machine system used for exposing/milling aluminum metallization layers is disclosed. The method includes using a gas assisted (GAS) system for exposing a portion of a copper metal trace disposed in a dielectric and includes the step of removing a portion of the dielectric overlying the portion of the metal trace using the GAS system activated with a dielectric selective chemical that does not have a significant spontaneous (non ion-beam induced) reaction with the metal trace. The system includes a focused ion beam (FIB) machine for exposing/milling a portion of a metal trace disposed in a dielectric substrate wherein the metal trace is copper.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system and method for analyzing an integrated circuit having silicon on insulator (SOI) structure. According to one example embodiment of the present invention, an optical beam arrangement is adapted to direct a modulated beam at a selected portion of the integrated circuit. The beam is sufficiently modulated to inhibit optical beam intrusion on the structure and operation of the integrated circuit. A reflected optical waveform response is obtained from the SOI selected portion. The inhibition of optical beam intrusion enhances the ability to analyze integrated circuits using an optical beam, making possible the use of analysis methods that otherwise would be difficult or even impossible to use.

Abstract: Analysis of a semiconductor die is enhanced by the stimulation the die and the detection of a response to the stimulation. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor die is analyzed using indirect stimulation of a portion of the die, and detecting a response therefrom. First, selected portion of circuitry within the die is stimulated. The stimulation of the selected portion induces a second portion of circuitry within the die to generate an external emission. The emission is detected and the die is analyzed therefrom. In one particular implementation, a response from the selected portion is inhibited from interfering with the detection of the emission from the second portion of circuitry.

Abstract: The present invention is directed analysis of a flip-chip integrated circuit die having SOI structure that improves the ability to image and analyze selected portions of circuitry in the die. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a lens is formed in a back side of a flip-chip die and over the insulator portion of SOI structure in the die. Light is directed at the lens and the lens is used to focus the light to target circuitry in the die. A reflection from the circuitry is detected and used to analyze the die, such as by imaging the circuitry in the die and identifying defects therein. The lens formed in the die enhances the ability to focus light to selected circuitry in the die and improves the ability to analyze dies having SOI structure through the insulator.

Abstract: Semiconductor analysis is improved via the use of fiber optic communications. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a stimulation device is adapted to stimulate an integrated circuit die, and the die generates a response to the stimulation. An optical signal generator, either incorporated into the die or coupled to the die, detects the response, converts the response to an optical signal and transmits the optical signal. The optical signal is received at a testing arrangement adapted to analyze the die therefrom. The optical signal is used to analyze the die, improving signal quality and the ability to perform high-speed analysis of the die.

Abstract: The operability of light-based semiconductor die analysis is enhanced using a method and arrangement that directs light between a light source and a die. In one example embodiment of the present invention, a light source is directed to a die in a semiconductor analysis arrangement using a fiber optic cable. The analysis arrangement is adapted to use light received via the fiber optic cable to analyze the die. The analysis includes one or more light-based applications, such as stimulating a selected portion of the die with the light and detecting a response therefrom. In this manner, light can be directed to a die in a variety of analysis implementations, such as for analyzing a die in a test chamber.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a portion of substrate in the back side of a semiconductor chip is removed as a function of photons emitted through substrate remaining at the back side. The use of emitted photons is used to control the substrate removal process.

Abstract: Gas-assisted etching (GAE) for integrated circuit dies is enhanced via a method and system that enable halide-assisted etching of dies having copper material. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, an integrated circuit die having copper is etched using a focused ion beam (FIB) and a halide etch gas, such as chlorine. A selected amount of oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the die to react with the halide and prevent the corrosion of exposed copper material in the die. In this manner, the benefits of halide-assisted etching are realized while inhibiting the corrosion of copper that typically occurs with integrated circuit dies having copper material.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure that includes an electrically conductive probe that extends from the back side of an integrated circuit to a selected region within the substrate. The structure includes a substrate having first and second surfaces. An active region is disposed in the substrate, and an electrically conductive probe extends from the first surface of the substrate to the active region. Probes can also be constructed to connect one to another and with well regions within the substrate.

Abstract: The operability of light-based semiconductor die analysis is enhanced using a method and arrangement that can detect light leakage between a light source and a die. In one example embodiment of the present invention, a light source is directed to a semiconductor analysis arrangement using, for example, a fiber optic cable. The analysis arrangement is adapted to use light from the light source for analyzing the die. A light detection arrangement detects a condition of light leakage from the system and generates a signal representing the condition of light leakage. The generated signal can then be used to control the semiconductor analysis arrangement, such as by deactivating the light source in response to a detected leak, or by allowing the light source to function in response to not detecting a leak.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a defect detection approach involves detecting the existence of defects in an integrated circuit as a function of at least one applied energy source. In response to energy that is applied to the integrated circuit, response signals are detected. A parameter including information such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or a spectrum is developed for a reference integrated circuit device and then compared to the detected response signal. The deviation in the response and reference signals, and the type of energy source used, are correlated to a particular defect in the device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit die coupled to a package substrate and having circuitry in a circuit side opposite a back side is etched in a manner that inhibits the erosion of underfill material that is used around the periphery of the die and between the die and the package substrate. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a protective coating adapted to resist etch chemicals is formed over the underfill material. The die is then etched using an etch chemistry that, absent the protective coating, would erode the underfill material. In this manner, etch chemistries that would harm the die, or even be unusable can be used to etch the die. In addition, problems associated with the underfill being eroded, such as die chipping, can be avoided.

Abstract: Semiconductor die analysis is enhanced using a system that is adapted to perturb a die in a test chamber and to detect a response from the die to the perturbation. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor die analysis system includes a test chamber and a docking arrangement adapted to dock with the test chamber. A die is held in the docking arrangement and is presented inside of the test chamber when the docking arrangement is docked with the chamber. Two or more perturbation devices are used to perturb the die, and controller is adapted to control the perturbation. A data acquisition arrangement receives data from the die in response to the perturbation, and the data is used for analyzing the die.

Abstract: Analysis of a semiconductor die having silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure is enhanced by accessing the circuitry within die from the back side without breaching the thin insulator layer of the SOI structure. According to an example embodiment, a portion of substrate is removed from the back side of a semiconductor die having a SOI structure and a backside opposite circuitry in a circuit side. Electrical connection is made to a portion of the circuitry within the die via a capacitive coupling arrangement. The electrical connection is used to obtain an electrical measurement correlated with circuitry logic states of the die that is used for analysis.

Abstract: Semiconductor analysis is enhanced using a system and method for improving the heat-dissipation characteristics of a semiconductor die. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a flip-chip integrated circuit die having circuitry in a circuit side opposite a back side is formed having a back side including a thermal conductivity enhancing material. The thermal conductivity enhancing material improves the heat dissipating characteristics of the die during operation and testing and helps to reduce or prevent overheating. An epitaxial layer of silicon is formed in the back side, and circuitry is constructed in the epitaxial layer. Pre-existing circuitry on the circuit side and the newly formed circuitry in the back side are electrically coupled.

Abstract: Substrate removal from a semiconductor chip having silicon-on-oxide (SOI) structure is enhanced via a method and system that provide a control for the removal process. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a portion of substrate is removed from the back side of a semiconductor chip having a SOI structure and a backside opposite a circuit side. As the substrate is removed, secondary ions are sputtered from the back side. The sputtered ions are detected, and the substrate removal is controlled as a function of detected ions. In this manner, the portion of the substrate being removed can be detected and used to enhance the control of the substrate removal process, such as by detecting sputtered ions from the insulating portion of the SOI and using the insulating portion as an endpoint of the substrate removal process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are presented for identifying and mapping functional failures in an integrated circuit (IC) due to timing errors therein based on the generation of functional failures in the IC. This is done by providing a set of input test vectors to the IC and adjusting one or more: of the IC voltage, temperature or clock frequency; the rate at which the test vectors are provided to the IC; or the power level of a focused laser beam used to probe the IC and produce localized heating which changes the incidence of the functional failures in the IC which can be sensed for locating the IC circuit elements responsible for the functional failures. The present invention has applications for optimizing the design and fabrication of ICs, for failure analysis, and for qualification or validation testing of ICs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus mechanism for testing data processing devices are implemented. The test mechanism isolates critical paths by correlating a scanning microscope image with a selected speed path failure. A trigger signal having a preselected value is generated at the start of each pattern vector. The sweep of the scanning microscope is controlled by a computer, which also receives and processes the image signals returned from the microscope. The value of the trigger signal is correlated with a set of pattern lines being driven on the DUT. The trigger is either asserted or negated depending the detection of a pattern line failure and the particular line that failed. In response to the detection of the particular speed path failure being characterized, and the trigger signal, the control computer overlays a mask on the image of the device under test (DUT).

Abstract: A method for detecting substrate damage in a flip chip die, having a back side and a circuit side, that uses magnetic resonance imaging. The back side of the die is first globally thinned down and a region for examination is selected. A magnetic field is applied to the selected region and then the region is scanned with a magnetic resonance imaging arrangement. A plurality of perturbations are measured to generate an array of perturbation signals, which are then converted to a local susceptibility map of the selected region of the die. The susceptibility map of the selected region is then examined to determine if there is any substrate damage.