Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pressurized therapeutic composition configured to be stored in a valved container designed to maintain an inverse thermosensitive polymer foam composition under pressure and dispense the composition upon opening the valve thereof. After the composition is dispensed from the container the evaporation of an expanding component (e.g., compressed gas or volatile liquid) can cause the inverse thermosensitive polymer solution to foam. The reduced pressure produced from dispensing the inverse thermosensitive polymer solution can reduce its temperature so as to facilitate distribution in a more liquid foam form. The inverse thermosensitive polymer solution can undergo a reverse phase change from a liquid to a gel upon warming (e.g., once dispensed onto or into a body part).

Abstract: A gas substitution ratio control system varies natural gas flow to a bi-fuel engine based on detected diesel flow to maintain a desired gas substitution ratio (GSR), without any requirement to sense engine load. In other words, GSR is controlled without monitoring engine load level. In one system, an engine is first calibrated to map actual gas and diesel flows to provide the correct GSR for all engine loads. The calibration data is then stored and diesel flow rate is monitored. The current detected diesel flow rate is used to determine the required gas flow rate for correct GSR. Gas flow to the engine is then adjusted to correspond to the required gas flow rate. Other embodiments meter gas to maintain the diesel flow rate at the same minimum level for all loads, or meter gas and diesel fuel flows to match a map of the limiting fuel energy based GSR (gas fuel energy rate/total fuel energy rate) at all loads for each engine model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for continuous automatic adjustment of a control set point of an air-fuel ratio controller of a rich burn engine so as to maintain emissions within a desired range. In an embodiment, a NOx sensor is placed in the exhaust outlet from an exhaust catalyst and the NOx exhaust sensor output is continuously monitored while adjusting the control set point between rich and lean in order to minimize the output from the NOx sensor. Corrections may be continuously made to the set point during operation of the engine to compensate for changes in environmental conditions, engine loads, and other factors.

Abstract: A gas substitution ratio control system varies natural gas flow to a bi-fuel engine based on detected diesel flow to maintain a desired gas substitution ratio (GSR), without any requirement to sense engine load. In other words, GSR is controlled without monitoring engine load level. In one system, an engine is first calibrated to map actual gas and diesel flows to provide the correct GSR for all engine loads. The calibration data is then stored and diesel flow rate is monitored. The current detected diesel flow rate is used to determine the required gas flow rate for correct GSR. Gas flow to the engine is then adjusted to correspond to the required gas flow rate. Other embodiments meter gas to maintain the diesel flow rate at the same minimum level for all loads, or meter gas and diesel fuel flows to match a map of the limiting fuel energy based GSR (gas fuel energy rate/total fuel energy rate) at all loads for each engine model.

Abstract: A gaseous carburetor or fuel control system includes a fuel metering assembly, a venturi mixer assembly, a throttle assembly, and an electronic control unit. The control unit controls the fuel metering assembly in a closed loop manner based on detected gas and air pressure to an air/fuel mixing venturi. An electronic governor which controls the throttle valve may also be controlled by the same control unit which controls the fuel metering assembly, using a separate control loop.

Abstract: A gaseous carburetor or fuel control system includes a fuel metering assembly, a venturi mixer assembly, a throttle assembly, and an electronic control unit. The control unit controls the fuel metering assembly in a closed loop manner based on detected gas and air pressure to an air/fuel mixing venturi. An electronic governor which controls the throttle valve may also be controlled by the same control unit which controls the fuel metering assembly, using a separate control loop.

Abstract: An emission control device for use with stationary or mobile gas-fueled internal combustion engines is described, which is placed in the fuel supply line and operates with full fuel authority. An oxygen sensor measures exhaust oxygen content. The valve internally houses a programmable microprocessor, a pressure transducer and a fuel flow conduit throttled by a balanced poppet valve. Signals to the microprocessor from the oxygen sensor, the pressure transducer indicating outflow gas pressure cause the microprocessor to motivate an actuator to move the valve within the gas stream and thus regulate the outlet pressure and also the gas flow rate to maintain a desired air/fuel ratio to the engine and keep exhaust emissions at an optimum level consistent with the engine operating load requirements and characteristics. Finite incremental control of valve position, preferably assisted by an internal position transducer, permits close control of the exhaust emissions.

Abstract: An emission control device for use with stationary or mobile gas-fueled internal combustion engines is described, which is placed in the fuel supply line and operates with full fuel authority. An oxygen sensor measures exhaust oxygen content. The valve internally houses a programmable microprocessor, a pressure transducer and a fuel flow conduit throttled by a balanced poppet valve. Signals to the microprocessor from the oxygen sensor, the pressure transducer indicating outflow gas pressure cause the microprocessor to motivate an actuator to move the valve within the gas stream and thus regulate the outlet pressure and also the gas flow rate to maintain a desired air/fuel ratio to the engine and keep exhaust emissions at an optimum level consistent with the engine operating load requirements and characteristics. Finite incremental control of valve position, preferably assisted by an internal position transducer, permits close control of the exhaust emissions.

Abstract: A multi-directional flow of isopropyl alcohol vapor is used to uniformly dry a semiconductor substrate. In one embodiment of the invention, isopropyl alcohol vapor (19), which is generated by an external vapor source (30), is injected into the vapor drying system at a location near the top portion (28) of the semiconductor substrate (20), while internally generated isopropyl alcohol vapors (18) are directed toward the bottom portion (26) of the semiconductor substrate (20). Therefore, both the top (28) and the bottom (26) portions of the semiconductor substrate (20) are dried at approximately the same time.