Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: The invention provides systems for automatically localizing areas of disease within a tissue sample using fluorescence spectra, reflectance spectra, and video images obtained from the sample. The invention further provides systems for displaying, marking, and treating the identified areas so that healthy surrounding tissue suffers minimal impact upon treatment and/or excision of the diseased tissue. The invention facilitates minimally-invasive treatment by accurately directing treatment to only those areas that are identified as diseased.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining a characteristic of a tissue sample, such as a state of health, using spectral data and/or images obtained within an optimal period of time following the application of a chemical agent to the tissue sample. The invention provides methods of determining such optimal windows of time. Similarly, the invention provides methods of determining other criteria for triggering the acquisition of an optical signal for classifying the state of health of a region of a tissue sample.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for monitoring effects of chemical agents on optical signals produced by samples in response to the chemical agents. Preferred methods comprise application of multiple chemical agents that interact to alter an optical signal from the sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise monitoring an optical signal from an endogenous chromophore upon application of a chemical agent to a sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise the use of triggers, atomizers and image alignment to enhance the results of methods described herein.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for monitoring effects of chemical agents on optical signals produced by samples in response to the chemical agents. Preferred methods comprise application of multiple chemical agents that interact to alter an optical signal from the sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise monitoring an optical signal from an endogenous chromophore upon application of a chemical agent to a sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise the use of triggers, atomizers and image alignment to enhance the results of methods described herein.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the red and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining a characteristic of a tissue sample, such as a state of health, using spectral data and/or images obtained within an optimal period of time following the application of a chemical agent to the tissue sample. The invention provides methods of determining such optimal windows of time. Similarly, the invention provides methods of determining other criteria for triggering the acquisition of an optical signal for classifying the state of health of a region of a tissue sample.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining a characteristic of a tissue sample, such as a state of health, using spectral data and/or images obtained within an optimal period of time following the application of a chemical agent to the tissue sample. The invention provides methods of determining such optimal windows of time. Similarly, the invention provides methods of determining other criteria for triggering the acquisition of an optical signal for classifying the state of health of a region of a tissue sample.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for diagnosing disease in a sample by monitoring optical signals produced by samples in response to the chemical agents. Preferred methods comprise application of multiple chemical agents that interact to alter an optical signal from the sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise monitoring an optical signal from an endogenous chromophore upon application of a chemical agent to a sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise the use of triggers, atomizers and image alignment to enhance the results of methods described herein.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for monitoring effects of chemical agents on optical signals produced by samples in response to the chemical agents. Preferred methods comprise application of multiple chemical agents that interact to alter an optical signal from the sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise monitoring an optical signal from an endogenous chromophore upon application of a chemical agent to a sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise the use of triggers, atomizers and image alignment to enhance the results of methods described herein.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying specimens using a plurality of spectral data types. Spectra are recorded as amplitudes at a series of discrete wavelengths. Pluralities of reference spectra are recorded for specimens having known conditions. A spectrum of a first type is observed for a test specimen. The specimen is characterized as to a first known condition. In the event that the specimen does not exhibit the first known condition, a spectrum of a second type is observed and analyzed to determine which of a plurality of conditions is to be ascribed to the test specimen. In some embodiments, the test specimen can comprise human cervical tissue, and the known conditions can include normal health, metaplasia, CIN I and CIN II/III.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for monitoring effects of chemical agents on optical signals produced by samples in response to the chemical agents. Preferred methods comprise application of multiple chemical agents that interact to alter an optical signal from the sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise monitoring an optical signal from an endogenous chromophore upon application of a chemical agent to a sample. Methods and systems of the invention also comprise the use of triggers, atomizers and image alignment to enhance the results of methods described herein.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. For pulse oximetry, a least squares or a ratio-of-ratios technique can be applied to the motion signal itself. This is made possible by selecting a site on the patient where variations in motion produce signals of two wavelengths which are sufficiently correlated. In particular, it has been determined that a sensor placed on a nail, in particular a thumbnail, exhibits the characteristics of having the and infrared signals correlated when used for pulse oximetry, and the resulting signals correlate to arterial oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying specimens using a plurality of spectral data types. Spectra are recorded as amplitudes at a series of discrete wavelengths. Pluralities of reference spectra are recorded for specimens having known conditions. A spectrum of a first type is observed for a test specimen. The specimen is characterized as to a first known condition. In the event that the specimen does not exhibit the first known condition, a spectrum of a second type is observed and analyzed to determine which of a plurality of conditions is to be ascribed to the test specimen. In some embodiments, the test specimen can comprise human cervical tissue, and the known conditions can include normal health, metaplasia, CIN I and CIN II/II.