Abstract: A glass composition includes from 55.0 mol % to 75.0 mol % SiO2; from 8.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 3.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O; and less than or equal to 1.5 mol % K2O. The glass composition has the following relationships: Al2O3+Li2O is greater than 22.5 mol %, R2O+RO is greater than or equal to 18.0 mol %, R2O/Al2O3 is greater than or equal to 1.06, SiO2+Al2O3+B2O3+P2O5 is greater than or equal to 78.0 mol %, and (SiO2+Al2O3+B2O3+P2O5)/Li2O is greater than or equal to 8.0. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: Methods of improving the measurement of knee stress in an ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glass sample that includes a knee are disclosed. One of the methods includes compensating for a shift in the location of the TIR-PR transition location associated with the critical angle location, wherein the shift is due to the presence of a leaky mode. Another method includes applying select criteria to the captured mode spectra image to ensure a high-quality image is used for the knee stress calculation. Another method combines direct and indirect measurements of the knee stress using the mode spectra from multiple samples to obtain greater accuracy and precision as compared to using either the direct measurement method or the indirect measurement method alone. Quality control methods of forming the glass samples using measured mode spectra and related techniques for ensuring an accurate measurement of the knee stress are also disclosed.

Abstract: A glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than about 0.7·t to t, comprise a tangent with a slope having an absolute value greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometer. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t) and a maximum central tension of less than about 71.5/?(t) (MPa). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Abstract: The prism-coupling systems and methods include using a prism-coupling system to collect initial TM and TE mode spectra of a chemically strengthened article having a refractive index profile with a near-surface spike region and a deep region. The initial TM and TE mode spectra are examined to see if they fall within a preferred measurement window that can produce an accurate estimate of the knee stress to within a select tolerance. If not, then measurement configuration of the prism-coupling system is changed and new TM and TE mode spectra are collected. This process is repeated until the new TM and TE mode spectra fall within the preferred measurement window. The new TM and TE mode spectra are then used to determine the knee stress. Changing the measurement configuration can include changing at least one of the measurement wavelength, interfacing fluid thickness and interfacing fluid refractive index.

Abstract: Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved scratch resistance. A glass-based article comprises a lithium aluminosilicate composition and a molar ratio of potassium dioxide (K2O) to sodium dioxide (Na2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8. The article comprises sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article and a spike depth of layer that is greater than or equal to 4 micrometers and less than or equal to 8 micrometers. The article may comprise an average compressive stress of greater than or equal to 150 MPa over a depth from 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers.

Abstract: A glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than about 0.7·t to t, comprise a tangent with a slope having an absolute value greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometer. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t) and a maximum central tension of less than about 71.5/?(t) (MPa). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.

Abstract: The hybrid measurement system includes an evanescent prism coupling spectroscopy (EPCS) sub-system and a light-scattering polarimetry (LSP) sub-system. The EPCS sub-system includes an EPCS light source optically coupled to an EPCS detector system through an EPCS coupling prism. The LSP sub-system includes an LSP light source optically coupled to an optical compensator, which in turn is optically coupled to a LSP detector system via a LSP coupling prism. A support structure supports the EPCS and LSP coupling prisms to define a coupling prism assembly, which supports the two prisms at a measurement location. Stress measurements made using the EPCS and LSP sub-systems are combined to fully characterize the stress properties of a transparent chemically strengthened substrate. Methods of processing the EPCS and LSP measurements to improve measurement accuracy are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Abstract: A glass article having an asymmetric stress profile exhibiting a high degree of asymmetry and a low degree or no warp. The glass article has a stress profile with a high Asymmetry Figure of Merit and a high Warpage Figure of Merit.

Abstract: The prism-coupling systems and methods include using a prism-coupling system to collect initial TM and TE mode spectra of a chemically strengthened article having a refractive index profile with a near-surface spike region and a deep region. The initial TM and TE mode spectra are examined to see if they fall within a preferred measurement window that can produce an accurate estimate of the knee stress to within a select tolerance. If not, then measurement configuration of the prism-coupling system is changed and new TM and TE mode spectra are collected. This process is repeated until the new TM and TE mode spectra fall within the preferred measurement window. The new TM and TE mode spectra are then used to determine the knee stress. Changing the measurement configuration can include changing at least one of the measurement wavelength, interfacing fluid thickness and interfacing fluid refractive index.

Abstract: A strengthened glass having a stress profile that differs from error-function and parabolic profiles. Stress relaxation and thermal annealing/diffusion effects, which occur at longer ion exchange and/or anneal times increase the depth of compression of the surface layer. A method of achieving these effects is also provided.

Abstract: Chemically strengthened glass articles having at least one deep compressive layer extending from a surface of the article to a depth of compression DOC of at least about 125 ?m within the glass article. The compressive stress profile includes a single linear segment or portion extending from the surface to the depth of compression DOC. Alternatively, the compressive stress profile may include an additional portion extending from the surface to a relatively shallow depth and the linear portion extending from the shallow depth to the depth of compression.

Abstract: A glass composition includes: from 55.0 mol % to 70.0 mol % SiO2; from 12.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; and from 4.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O. The glass composition has the following relationships ?8.00 mol %?R2O+RO—Al2O3—B2O3—P2O5??1.75 mol %, 9.00?(SiO2+Al2O3+Li2O)/Na2O, and (Li2O+Al2O3+P2O5)/(Na2O+B2O3)?3.50. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: Ion-exchanged glass ceramic articles described herein have a stress that decreases with increasing distance according to a substantially linear function from a depth of about 0.07 t to a depth of about 0.26 t from the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass ceramic article from a compressive stress to a tensile stress. The stress transitions from the compressive stress to the tensile stress at a depth of from about 0.18 t to about 0.25 t from the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass ceramic article. An absolute value of a maximum compressive stress at the outer surface of the ion-exchanged glass article is from 1.8 to 2.2 times an absolute value of a maximum central tension (CT) of the ion-exchanged glass article, and the glass ceramic article has a fracture toughness of 1 MPa?m or more as measured according to the double cantilever beam method.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to piezoelectric film structures and sensors, and display assemblies using same. The piezoelectric film structure is transparent and includes: a substrate; a bottom optical layer disposed on or above the substrate; a bottom conducting layer disposed on or above the bottom optical layer; at least one piezoelectric layer disposed on or above the bottom conducting layer; a top conducting layer disposed on or above the at least one piezoelectric layer; and a top optical layer disposed on or above the top conducting layer. The sensor includes the piezoelectric film structure electrically connected to a signal processing system. The display assembly includes the sensor operably arranged relative to a display device. The piezoelectric film structures and sensors can be configured to determine one or more touch-sensing features associated with a touch event.

Abstract: Chemically strengthened glass articles having at least one deep compressive layer extending from a surface of the article to a depth of compression DOC of at least about 125 ?m within the glass article. The compressive stress profile includes a single linear segment or portion extending from the surface to the depth of compression DOC. Alternatively, the compressive stress profile may include an additional portion extending from the surface to a relatively shallow depth and the linear portion extending from the shallow depth to the depth of compression.

Abstract: A glass composition includes: from 55.0 mol % to 70.0 mol % SiO2; from 12.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; and from 4.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O. The glass composition has the following relationships ?8.00 mol %?R2O+RO—Al2O3—B2O3—P2O5??1.75 mol %, 9.00?(SiO2+Al2O3+Li2O)/Na2O, and (Li2O+Al2O3+P2O5)/(Na2O+B2O3)?3.50. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: A strengthened glass having a stress profile that differs from error-function and parabolic profiles. Stress relaxation and thermal annealing/diffusion effects, which occur at longer ion exchange and/or anneal times increase the depth of compression of the surface layer. A method of achieving these effects is also provided.

Abstract: Glass-based articles are provided with improved stress profiles. The glass-based articles provide improved drop performance and damage resistance. The glass-based articles may be produced with a single ion exchange treatment.