Abstract: Methods are provided for minting and distributing quantities of cryptographically generated data based on the quality of received biological datasets. Computer readable media, computing apparatuses, and systems are also provided.

Abstract: A method for establishing an externally verifiable proof of work comprises receiving signal information to be kept private; storing the signal information as one or more data packages in a data package store; and receiving a request for a first data package from a first mining node and a request for a second data package from a second mining node. The method further comprises randomly selecting a data package awaiting processing from the data package store and sending the selected data package to the first mining node and to the second first mining node. The method further comprises receiving a first private data output from the first mining node and receiving a second private data output from the second mining node. The method further comprises accessing a commitment database and cross checking that a database entry for a first data package identifier and a second data package identifier are validated.

Abstract: A method for establishing an externally verifiable proof of work as immutable evidence of computational work completed by a mining node to generate a private data output, the proof of work for use in appending a block record to a blockchain comprises receiving, from a data broker server, a data package comprising signal information to be kept private by the mining node. The method further comprises analyzing the data package to convert the signal information to a corresponding private data output. In response to analyzing the data package, the method further comprises generating metadata characteristic of the analysis. The method further comprises using a cryptographic commitment scheme to generate a metadata commitment value for the data package. The method further comprises communicating the metadata commitment value and the validation data to a commitment database server operable to permit external access for use in providing an externally verifiable proof of work.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides computing apparatuses, methods and software for generating random numbers. Data is received from an instrument characterising macromolecules in a sample, the data including measurement event information relating to measurements of individual macromolecules recorded over time. For each measurement event in a sequence of measurement events in the data, an event timing representative of the duration of event or the time passing between consecutive events is determined. This is compared with a comparator value to generate a binary output, and a bit value is determined based on the binary output. Data representative of a random number is generated by assembling a vector of bit values determined from the event timings in sequence. The determined sequence of event timings for the sequence of measurement events represents a source of entropy extracted by the comparison step to generate the random number.

Abstract: The disclosure provides computer-implemented methods, computing apparatuses and computer program products for generating a random number based on genetic information from a biological data source containing at least the genetic information sequenced from a biological organism. In response to receiving a request for a random number at the computing device, a seed value is obtained from an entropy source accessible by the computing device and used to initialize a pseudo random number generator. A sequence of values derived from genetic information for a biological organism is retrieved from a biological data source from which values are read in selected positions in the sequence of values derived from genetic information. The values are encoded to pairs of bits using an encoding scheme and assembled to provide a bit string as a random number. At least one of the selections is based on the pseudo random output.

Abstract: Methods are provided for minting and distributing quantities of cryptographically generated data based on the quality of received biological datasets. Computer readable media, computing apparatuses, and systems are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for minting cryptographically generated data supported by a blockchain through synchronization over peer-to-peer nodes are provided. A method comprises sending a biological dataset to a certifier, where the certifier is trusted by nodes of the blockchain network. The method further comprises sending a unique identifier of each of one or more contributors to the certifier, wherein each contributor is a user that contributed to the provision of the biological dataset. The method further comprises receiving a corresponding claim certificate, each claim certificate associating the identifier of the corresponding contributor with an anonymous credential of that contributor and a dataset identifier for uniquely identifying the biological dataset, each claim certificate signed by the certifier. The method further comprises communicating, directly or indirectly, one or more contribution messages to a mint.

Abstract: Methods are provided for minting and distributing quantities of cryptographically generated data based on the quality of received biological datasets. Computer readable media, computing apparatuses, and systems are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for minting and distributing quantities of cryptographically generated data based on the quality of received biological datasets. Computer readable media, computing apparatuses, and systems are also provided.

Abstract: A method for establishing an externally verifiable proof of work comprises receiving a first metadata commitment value and a first validation data and receiving a second metadata commitment value and a second validation data. The method further comprises storing the first and second metadata commitment values and the first and second validation data together with timestamps for a time of receipt at the commitment database server. The method further comprises providing the second metadata commitment value and the second validation data to the first mining node for verification. If the first mining node verifies that the second mining node has analyzed the same data package as the first mining node, the method further comprises receiving the metadata characteristic of the analysis of the data package by the first mining node and storing the metadata together with a timestamp for the time of receipt at the commitment database server.

Abstract: Methods, computing apparatuses, computer readable media and systems are described that are for use with blockchain applications. An authority server may communicate a data package to a mining node. The mining node may receive the data package from the authority server, the data package comprising a plurality of datasets, each dataset comprising signal information. The mining node may analyse the data package to convert the signal information of each dataset to a corresponding data output. The mining node may communicate the plurality of data outputs to an authority server and, upon verification of the plurality of data outputs, the plurality of data outputs may be used in establishing a proof-of-work for appending a block record to a blockchain. Encryption and decryption methods may be used to secure data according to methods described herein. In some examples, the signal information of each dataset relates to a polynucleotide sequence and the corresponding data output relates to a read.