Abstract: An athletic shoe for use on a relatively hard playing surface has an outer ground sole with grooves therein that define ribs between adjacent grooves, particularly in the toe and ball areas of the sole, is characterized in that the grooves are generally arranged in concentric curves with reference to the center of the toe and ball area and the grooves define similarly arranged concentric ribs between adjacent grooves, each groove being defined by two evenly spaced walls into the surface of the sole, the outer wall and the inner wall, the outer wall being substantially perpendicular to the sole surface and the inner wall being tapered from the sole surface toward the outer wall to the bottom of the groove. Thus, each rib has an inner side substantially perpendicular to the sole surface and an outer side that tapers from the sole surface toward the outer perimeter of the sole.

Abstract: An athletic shoe for use on artificial turf has an outer ground sole with cleats that project perpendicular from the surface of the sole, each cleat having a channel on one side extending to the projecting end of the cleat, the cleats being arranged on the sole so that the channel side of each cleat faces opposite to the most likely direction of force on the end of the cleat with respect to the sole during normal athletic activity of the wearer on artificial turf, whereas the side of the cleat opposite the channel is tapered so that the artificial turf fibers in the path of the cleat as it moves against and parallel to the artifical turf are gathered in the channel and the cleat slides along a gathered bunch of such turf fibers, bears upon the bunch of fibers so gathered and wipes the fibers of moisture in case they are wet; thereby providing a dry contact between the end of the cleat and the gathered bunch of fibers and so insures relatively high friction between the cleat and the turf fibers even when the t