Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of lyocell fibers, comprising the step of contacting the fiber with at least one treatment medium, at least one treatment medium containing an amount of a crosslinking agent, wherein the cross-linking agent is capable of crosslinking cellulose under alkaline conditions and has a solubility in water at 20° C. of 20 g/l or less, and further comprising the step of treating the fiber with the cross-linking agent under alkaline conditions, characterized in that the cross-linking agent is added to the fiber in the form of a suspension or in solid form. The present invention also relates to lyocell fibers obtainable by the process of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fibrillated lyocell fibers which have a fibrillation quotient Q of 20 or more and whose content of microfibers with a fineness of less than 14 mesh and a diameter of less than 2 ?m is at least 50%, as well as the use thereof for producing a wipe, which contains pulp and 5 to 20 wt. % of fibrillated lyocell fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fibrillated lyocell fibers which have a fibrillation ratio Q of 20 or more and whose content of microfibers with a fineness of less than 14 mesh and a diameter of less than 2 ?m is at least 50%, as well as the use thereof for producing a wipe, which contains cellulosic fibers and 5 to 20 wt. % of fibrillated lyocell fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for continuously reacting liquid alkylene oxide with a liquid substance including an organic compound with active hydrogen atoms and a catalyst in a reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for continuously reacting liquid alkylene oxide with a liquid substance including an organic compound with active hydrogen atoms and a catalyst in a reactor.

Abstract: A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an SO3/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the SO3/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.

Abstract: A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an S03/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the S03/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.

Abstract: The invention provides highly concentrated aqueous solutions of a first amphoteric surfactant, especially of betaines or amine oxides, which comprise one or more further amphoteric cosurfactants which have a different structure from the first amphoteric surfactant, in amounts by weight of from 0.01 % to 10%, preferably from 0.1% to 5%, more preferably from 0.5% to 3%, based on the highly concentrated aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing arylpoly(oxalkyl)benzyl-dimethylammonium derivatives of the formula (1) which comprises reacting compounds of the formulae (2) and (3) where X=Br, Cl, R—SO3 with R=alkyl, alkylaryl R1=H, C1- to C16-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C16-alkyl in the ortho, meta or para position, R2=H, C1- to C4-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C4-alkyl, R3=H, C1- to C16-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C16-alkyl in the ortho, meta or para position, and n=1, 2, 3 or 4, at temperatures of from 60 to 160° C. in a solvent under the autogenous pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing arylpoly(oxalkyl)benzyl-dimethylammonium derivatives of the formula (1) 1

Abstract: Ester quats of the formula (1) below are described: ##STR1## where RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a methyl radical, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical and X.sup.- is a halogen anion. They are prepared by quaternizing the corresponding carboxylic acid ethanolamine ester compound with a methyl halide in the absence or presence of solvents. The ester quats of the invention have a low melting point. Furthermore, even in high concentration they are highly water soluble and, on account of their preparation, are obtained in high purity and free from toxic contents. These ester quats can be used in many ways and are suitable, for example, for preparing solid or aqueous formulations having a high surfactant effect.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of aqueous solutions of betaines of the formula ##STR1## in which: R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or is a radical of the formula R'CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.z --, in which R' has the meaning of R.sup.1 and z is 2, 3 or 4, R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or is a radical of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --OH, in which m is 1, 2 or 3, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or is a radical of said formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --OH and y is 1, 2 or 3. The aqueous betaine solutions are prepared by quaternization of the corresponding tertiary amines with an .omega.-halocarboxylic acid and with an alkali metal hydroxide in the aqueous phase. The quaternization is carried out continuously in two or three stirred tanks arranged in a cascade, defined process characteristics being maintained in each tank. Using the novel process, aqueous betaine solutions are obtained in high yield and purity in a simple manner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulfated alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates is described. After completion of the reaction with SO.sub.3, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates employed, of at least one of the following compounds: water, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or n-heptane are admixed to the reaction mixture and liquid and gas are subsequently separated at a temperature of 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. The liquid is then neutralized with aqueous alkali as customary and leads to ether sulfate/water mixtures with considerably reduced contents of 1,4-dioxane which can either be used without further aftertreatment or with a considerably reduced outlay in terms of aftertreatment as personal hygiene agents and for various other purposes.

Abstract: In the continuous process described for the preparation of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride by reaction, with stirring, of dimethylamine, allyl chloride and alkali metal hydroxide which is dissolved in water, the reaction is carried out in at least two stirred vessels arranged in the form of a cascade. Dimethylamine and allyl chloride in the stoichiometric amount in each case and only 60 to 95 mol % of the stoichiometrically necessary amount of alkali metal hydroxide are fed to the first stirred vessel and conducted through the vessel at a temperature of 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. with a residence time such that the product leaving the vessel and flowing to the further vessels still contains at most 10 mol % of free amine, mol percentages being related to the molar amount of dimethylamine employed; the alkali metal hydroxide lacking in the first stirred vessel compared to the stoichiometric amount is fed continuously to the further stirred vessels mentioned and in these vessels, at a temperature of 20.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process for the manufacture of N,N,N',N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine by acetylation of N,N'-diacetylethylenediamine with acetic anhydride, by using these two starting components in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 1:10, stopping the acetylation before attaining the reaction equilibrium between N,N'-diacetylethylenediamine and N,N,N',N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine, preferably after having attained a conversion rate of from 20 to 70 mol % of tetraacetylethylenediamine, relative to diacetylethylenediamine, purifying the reaction mixture in order to remove the dyeing impurities, and recycling to the acetylation the purified, incompletely reacted components. Purification may be carried out by vacuum distillation or by means of an adsorbent, for example bleaching earth or active charcoal. Optionally, from 0.01 to 0.3 part by weight of ketene per part by weight of diacetylethylenediamine are added to the starting components.