Abstract: The present invention relates to a efficient expression of a protein, particularly, hirudin; a protein precursor comprising a signal sequence and the sequence of aaX-hirudin, wherein aaX is a selected amino acid, and aaX is preferably leucine; to its preparation and use; and to processes for finding signal sequences for secretory expression of any desired protein in E coli; and to processes for the secretory expression of any desired protein in E coli.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I or Ia in which n and the substituents R1, R5 and x have the meaning mentioned have an antiviral activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## and their tautomeric form of the formula Ia ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 and V, W, Y and Z have the stated meanings, display an effect against viruses.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the wall thickness of a workpiece by ultra-sound is disclosed. For measuring the wall thickness, it is necessary to determine the time interval between a surface echo occurring during irradiation by ultra-sound and a rear wall echo. According to the present invention, a saw tooth generator generates a saw tooth signal including a sequence of saw teeth when the surface echo occurs. Each of the saw teeth causes a counting pulse to be generated. Upon occurrence of the rear wall echo, the instantaneous amplitude value of the saw tooth signal is measured and the number of counting pulses is recorded by a counter. Each counting pulse defines a constant unit of wall thickness. The amplitude value provides a fraction of such wall thickness unit.

Abstract: Pseudooligosaccharides of the formula I ##STR1## in which l, m and n have the meanings given, physiologically acceptable salts thereof with acids, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical products and their use are described. The compounds have an .alpha.-glucosidase-inhibiting action.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for side lasting shoes on lasts comprising a side tack insertion device, wherein the latter is moved along the lasting margin in an operating path following the course of the shank region. A friction closure element (tensioning strap, roller, smoothing runner) is moved stepwise in a longitudinal direction of the shoe and with each step is pressed periodically against the upper in a strip-like region associated with each tack insertion, whereby the upper is stretched in a direction towards the lasting margin.

Abstract: Pseudooligosaccharide of the formula I ##STR1## and physiologically acceptable salts thereof with acids, a process for the preparation, pharmaceutical products and the use are described. The compound has a .alpha.-glucosidase-inhibiting action.