Abstract: A system and method for changing the water level in a channel in the region of a sieve or rake arrangement through which a liquid flows, to separate solids from said liquid. The system and method employ a damming body arranged in the flow direction behind the sieve or rake arrangement and laterally spaced from both channel sidewalls of the channel.

Abstract: In a method for obtaining anthracene and carbazole and their sequential products from the anthracene oil resulting during coal tar distillation or its purification products, anthracene oil or the purification product crude anthracene is converted into a melt without adding solvent, the melt is cooled under the crystallization point of carbazole and anthracene, the crystal product obtained is separated from the liquid phase, and the crystal product is distilled to obtain pure anthracene and pure carbazole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separating device for separating fluids (18) from solids (31), in particular for the separation of fluids (18) from material previously isolated from a solid—fluid mixture (33), comprising:—a screw transport device (1), provided with a housing (2), a shaft (4) and a conveying helix (3), a compacting zone (15) wherein the solid conveyed by the screw transport device (1) is compressed to express the fluid, a sieve area (16), in particular on the compacting zone (15) and a solids discharge section (7) where the expressed solids are led away from the rotating axis of the screw transport device (1).

Abstract: For the purpose of separating a substance from a liquid mixture by crystallization, the inner walls of pipes in a crystallizer (S-1, S-2, S-3) are cooled by evaporating a liquid medium, the pressure of the gaseous phase of the medium being controlled in accordance with the temperature required for crystallization. In these conditions a layer of crystals forms on the outer walls of the pipes and can later be melted. The previously-formed crystal layer is melted in one crystallizer simultaneously with crystallization in another crystallizer. This is done by introducing gaseous medium which is produced in a crystallizer during the said evaporation. In addition, heat energy can be supplied to the crystallizer where melting occurs, in order to evaporate liquid medium there so that melting is accelerated. The two simultaneously operating crystallizers operate respectively as an evaporator and as a condenser in a refrigerating unit (11), thus saving considerable energy compared with known crystallization methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating solid matter from a liquid has a rotatably driven conveyor spiral with one end projecting into a container, such as a gutter, in which a liquid containing solids flows. The spiral conveyor conveys the liquid from the container into a surrounding screen jacket so that liquid escapes from the jacket while the solids continue to be conveyed by the spiral. The spiral conveys the solids into a hollow, cylindrical jacket in which is supported a rotatable shaft drivingly connected to the conveyor spiral and extending longitudinally therefrom. The shaft and hollow, cylindrical jacket form a compression zone and the hollow, cylindrical jacket has a lateral opening through which the solids are conveyed to an outlet device extending laterally from the opening for discharge of the solids to a transport container, a sack filling machine or the like.

Abstract: The crystalliser (70) has an inlet (77) for the crystal medium to be fractionated and an outlet (84) from which the mother liquor followed by the molten crystals can be withdrawn at the end of the crystallisation process. During the crystallisation process, a number of tubes (75) closed at the top can be supplied from above with a trickling film of liquid mixture. The tubes are internally supplied with a trickling film of a liquid heat exchange medium used for cooling. The liquid heat exchange medium is supplied via a riser (87), and a medium distributor (92) guides the flow of medium heat exchange under the distribution tray (81). The pressure of the evaporating coolant in the medium chamber (80), to which the inner space of the tubes also belongs, is controlled, thus controlling the temperature of the wall of the tubes where crystallisation takes place. In order to melt the crystals, gaseous heat exchange medium is introduced through a spigot (96) into the crystalliser under controlled pressure.

Abstract: Treatment of sewage solids, sand, rubbish and the like, especially for the dumping and/or incineration with a reduced pollutant and moisture content, or similar disposal with the mechanical separation of the solids from a solid-liquid mixture, in which, to obtain the best possible dumping and incineration properties according to moisture and pollutant content, there is a vortex device with the aid of which organic substances adhering to the solids are dissolved and removed with the liquid, preferably to a further biological waste water treatment system, where the treatment of dirty waste water is concerned; in a similar manner, sand, rubbish and similar substances are treated even if they do not form part of waste water.

Abstract: A method for separating components of a substance, for example, a fatty acid ester such as palm oil, by dissolving the substance in a solvent. The resultant solution is circulated and cooled in a circuit with crystals being formed in the solution as the temperature is lowered. The crystals are continuously separated from the circulating solution during the crystal separation phase of the process. The crystals are then preferably washed and recovered. Preferably there is a second crystallization phase in the process. The invention includes the apparatus used to carry out the process and, particularly, novel fractionating columns and filter surfaces within said columns used in the preferred embodiments of the process.