Abstract: A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy apparatus for examining a specimen including an illumination grid which includes comprises light-emitting regions for illuminating the specimen; an objective arrangement that images the illumination grid into a focal plane at the location of the specimen; and a receiving grid on a receiver side, wherein after the focal plane, each orifice of the orifice plate of the observation beam path has associated with it a device for spectral dispersion of the light that has returned from the specimen; and at least two radiation receivers are associated with each device for spectral dispersion.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining an object in three dimensions including an optical system having an illumination side and an observation side; an illumination grid located in an illumination plane on the illumination side of the optical system and which during use generates an array of illumination points that is projected by the optical system onto a focus plane at a site at which the object is located, the optical system in turn directing light from that site into an observation plane on the observation side of the optical system, the illumination grid being a first aperture plate having a first passive array of pinholes; a detector array of light-sensitive regions located on the observation side of the optical system; and a second aperture plate located between the detector array and the optical system, said second aperture plate having a second passive array of pinholes.

Abstract: A confocal imaging system that includes an image-recording system and having a flow-through cuvette that is located in an inclined position with reference to a focal plane of the image-recording system such that the motion of the suspension flow automatically brings the particles to be examined into different focal positions.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-contacting information transmission between a data carrier and a data reader includes providing at least two electrodes on the surface of the data carrier which are brought together which at least two electrodes in the data reader to form capacitors to produce at least one common circuit of the data carrier and data reader for information transmission.

Abstract: For the detection of accumulations of particles, for instance metaphase plates, in an image converted by a raster process into electrical signals, there is first effected an electronic dilation in several directions, the parameters of the dilation being so selected that images of the chromosomes of the metaphase plates agglomerate to form unitary structures. Thereupon, an electronic erosion of images is effected in several directions, the parameters of the erosion being so selected that images of cells and impurities disappear but the agglomerated metaphase-plate images are retained. A circuit is described which consists essentially of length discriminators, decision-logic devices, delay-storage devices with provision for establishing input digital preset values, in which circuit the entire evaluation process takes place with the speed of the scanning process.

Abstract: A process for the electronic long-time monitoring of the heart with EKG lead electrodes fastened to the skin of a patient, in which the signal delivered by these electrodes is digitized and evaluated, the process being characterized by the fact that the EKG signal is evaluated simultaneously on basis of several parameters, that all evaluation signals are stored in the form of histograms, and that furthermore, in case of a signal anomaly determined by the evaluation, this anomaly as well as preceding and following signal sections are permanently stored.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved method and means of electronic-image analysis within a field of raster-scanned subject matter, wherein the volume of an object is evaluated according to its observed light-absorbing properties. The evaluation progresses as successive scans of the object area, at progressively quantized levels of transmitted light, and an appropriate calibration factor is applied to each of the successive object areas thus scanned, so that a volume measurement results from summing the calibration-corrected areas.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved method of electronic-image analysis within a field of raster-scanned subject matter in which each scanning line lying within the boundaries of an object to be evaluated supplies by means of a discriminator a binary signal corresponding to the line length between object-boundary intercepts for the particular line. The improvement involves production of a localized search signal synchronized with raster scanning such that the search signal is effectively located within at least part of the scan-line coverage of the object. The search signal is used to control for each scan line the delay time of the binary signal of the same scan line, said delayed binary signal starting an output signal, the delay time of said binary signal being so controlled that it lies between a scan line period T.sub.1 and a minimum time T.sub.2 and depends upon the time interval between the start of said binary signal and of said output signal.

Abstract: In raster-scan of a given electronically imaged field, a predetermined digital value is assigned to each raster element. A raster element scanned for the first time, within the boundaries of an object to be evaluated, is projected in at least one preselected direction upon raster elements of consecutive raster lines, thereby changing its digital value in each consecutive line scan by one digit position until said predetermined value has become displaced to a preselected guide value. All raster elements which after scanning are associated with said preselected guide value define an object which is to be evaluated.