Abstract: A method for extracting and separating extractive components from fluids is provided. A first fluid and an extraction fluid are added to a vessel, thereby creating a two-phase two-layer system, wherein the first fluid and the extraction fluid are discrete and the two-phase system has a first fluid/extraction fluid interface. The two-phase system is then agitated, wherein the first fluid phase and the extraction fluid phase remain as substantially discrete layers. A means for communication between the first fluid and the extraction fluid is provided. The communication of the phases results in the extractive components being extracted from the first fluid into the extraction fluid. Agitation is stopped and the first fluid is recovered having reduced extractive components.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with ethene and optionally another olefinically unsaturated compound in which process the monomers are copolymerized in the presence of a liquid diluent and a catalyst composition which is based on(a) a Group VIII metal compound,(b) an anion of an acid which is obtainable by combining a Br.o slashed.nsted acid with a Lewis acid, and(c) an organic oxidant in a quantity of less than 30 moles per mole of Group VIII metal.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound comprising contacting the monomers in the presence of a liquid diluent with a catalyst composition which is based on(a) a source of a Group VIII metal,(b) a bidentate ligand of the general formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 --R--M.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl groups on the understanding that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a polar substituted aryl group and R represents a bivalent bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge, and(c) a boron hydrocarbyl compound,with application of a stirring power transmitted to the polymerization mixture of at least 0.25 kW/m.sup.3.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a solution of a catalyst system, suitable for use in a process for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds, which comprises (a) combining a palladium compound, a bisphosphine of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 P--R--PR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I) wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbyl group which is substituted with an alkoxy group and R represents a bivalent bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge, and a lower alcohol as solvent, and (b) admixing the obtained combination after a generation period G, during which a temperature T in the range of 0.degree.-70.degree. C. is maintained, with an acid having a pKa of less than 2, whereby the said generation period G is selected such that the value for G (in hours) and the temperature T in .degree.C.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound in which a solid particulate material is suspended in a liquid diluent in which the polymer to be produced forms a suspension. The monomers are contracted in the liquid diluent containing the suspended solid particulate material with a catalyst composition which is based on a source of a Group VIII metal and a boron hydrocarbyl compound.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound in which the monomers are contacted in the presence of a liquid diluent and a protic compound with a catalyst composition which is based on a source of a Group VIII metal and a hydrocarbylborane. A stirring power is transmitted to the polymerization mixture of at least 0.25 kW/m.sup.3.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated in which the monomers are contacted with a catalyst composition which is based on a source of a Group VIII metal and a boron hydrocarbyl compound. Additional boron hydrocarbyl compound is added to the polymerization mixture during the copolymerization or when the catalyst has lost its activity. A process for recycling a polymerization catalyst is also presented. It includes the steps of recovering a Group VIII metal composition from a preceding copolymerization process for the preparation of a copolymer of carbon monoxide and an olefinicaIly unsaturated compound and adding a boron hydrocarbyl compound to the Group VIII metal composition.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a solution of a catalyst system, suitable for use in a process for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds, which comprises (a) combining a palladium compound, a bisphosphine of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 P-R-PR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I) wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbyl group which is substituted with an alkoxy group and R represents a bivalent bridging group containing at least two carbon atoms in the bridge, and a lower alcohol as solvent, and (b) admixing the obtained combination after a generation period G, during which a temperature T in the range of 0.degree.-70.degree. C. is maintained, with an acid having a pKa of less than 2, whereby the said generation period G is selected such that the value for G (in hours) and the temperature T (in .degree.C.