Abstract: A reflector lamp (FIG. 2) to form a direct replacement for a sealed-beam ss reflector lamp (FIG. 1) uses a halogen incandescent lamp (14) fitted to terminal strips (16) of a ceramic base (12) located in the reflector. The reflector is made of thin-sheet aluminum - for example about 0.8 mm, the lamp being held in position by a weld connection of the lamp leads to contact strips riveted to the base, and retained against twisting by bent-over flanges (18).

Abstract: To efficiently utilize a halogen incandescent lamp in a flashlight, while oviding for essentially uniform illumination of respective spot and flood fields, the halogen incandescent lamp (11) is located within an elliptical reflector portion (12), with the filament of the lamp at one of the focal points of the ellipse. A part spherical reflector portion (13) is joined to the elliptical portion (12). At or close to the second focal point of the ellipse, a diaphragm (14) is located, which diaphragm is imaged by a condenser lens (16). The change between spot and flood illumination is obtained by varying the diaphragm opening, for example by a variable diaphragm size opening, or shifting the diaphragm towards and away from the first focal point.

Abstract: To prevent direct radiation from a halogen incandescent lamp-reflector un while permitting easy removal of the unit by grasping a holding element (8) for a radiation-preventing cap (6'), the holding element is made in the form of a flat sheet-metal strip (8) spanning the rim of the reflector (5). The flat sheet-metal element has a black surface finish and is secured to the reflector, for example by projecting flaps (10) engaging through slits (13) formed in the reflector, and twisted to secure the strip in position. The cap, likewise,is formed with slits (11, 11') engaged by projections (9, 12) and likewise held in position by twisting a central one (12) of the projections, the other projections preventing rotation of the cap with respect to the holding strip. The arrangement permits ready placement or exchange of the lamp from a fitting by grasping the holding strip, without thereby causing change in the optical characteristics of the halogen incandescent bulb (4)-reflector (5) combination.

Abstract: To provide for combined direct and indirect illumination of scenes or objs to be photographed or recorded, a halogen incandescent lamp (1) is positioned in a reflector which has two reflector portions (5, 6) having relative light output of, for example, 1:6. The reflector portions are obtained by forming cut lines (9, 10) parallel to a plane passing through the apex of the reflector and the lamp axis (A), the relatively larger reflector portion (6) being pivotably mounted in the housing. Reflective flaps (11) preferably depend from the relatively larger reflector portion (6) to provide for reflective surfaces adjacent the relatively smaller reflector portion (5) when the relatively larger portion (6) is pivoted away from the lamp axis (FIG. 3- A). A disk (4) may be placed in front of the larger reflector portion (6).

Abstract: To optimize light output from a multiple reflector photoflashgun powered by single elongated flashtube, the flashtube is positioned within a reflector having a curvature falling within the area defined by the curves A and B: ##EQU1##

Abstract: To increase operating temperature, and hence vapor pressure, the arc tube ose to the arc, typically an inner arc tube, is at least partially frosted. The outer bulb which surrounds the inner arc tube may also be frosted. The lamps have low color temperature and good color rendering index at high luminous output. The fill preferably includes metal halides of rare earth metals, and/or mercury. The outer bulb is preferably in the form of a reflector bulb.