Abstract: A process and device for charging a plurality of tubes in a tube reactor with granular solids, preferably with catalysts, which, for this purpose, are fed from one or more stock vessels to a controllable metering device and from there, via guiding and directing devices and flexible hose connections, successively into the tubes to be filled, wherein, during the packing of the tubes, a stream of gas of constant amount is generated, which can, after an individual tube has been packed, be passed temporarily, via one or more controllable valves, through this packed tube, a pressure drop measurement being carried out at the same time and the differential between the measured value and the predetermined intended value being used to determine a small additional amount of packing material which is subsequently introduced into the tube which has been subjected to measurement, and wherein thereafter a program control triggers the mechanical packing of the next tube, metered in the same manner, with subsequent pressure d

Abstract: For the purpose of monitoring the formation and propagation of cracks in machine parts and components, especially in the rotating shafts of prime movers and mechanical equipment, at least one hole is drilled in the uncracked section of the component, this drilled hole intersecting the plane of the crack which is to be expected and being filled with a gas or a liquid, the gas or liquid being adjusted to a pressure above the ambient pressure, and the drilled hole being provided with a closure with respect to the environment and being connected, via a line, to an instrument for indicating a fall in the pressure of the medium present in the drilled hole.

Abstract: A mechanical process for filling the tubes (3) of tubular reactors with granular solids, e.g. catalysts, wherein two or more streams of material, e.g. of different catalytic activity, can be introduced in a controlled manner into each tube (3) which is to be filled, from two or more stock vessels (1,2) via two or more dispensing devices (MI, MZ) mounted above the upper tube end plate (13). By this process, different thermal/catalytic reaction profiles can be achieved over the length of the tube, or in certain groups of tubes within the tubular reactor, with substantially less time being required for filling the tubes (3).