Abstract: A low-cost substitute for nonfat dry milk (NFDM) solids is provided which serves as a functional equivalent of NFDM in yeast-leavened doughs used in bread making or the like, in terms of desirable organoleptic properties such as loaf volume, crumb quality and crust color. The substitute comprises a component such as an ammonium salt which serves as a source of ammonium ion in the dough, and a quantity of deproteinized whey; these components have been shown to synergistically maintain or enhance loaf volumes while giving good crust color and crumb quality, notwithstanding the fact that deproteinized whey alone has deleterious effect when used alone in doughs. In preferred forms, the substitute serves as both a functional and at least a partial nutritional replacement for NFDM in yeast-leavened doughs, but is much lower in cost and can be used without difficulty in both batch and continuous bread making processes.

Abstract: A low-cost substitute for nonfat dry milk (NFDM) solids is provided which serves as a functional equivalent of NFDM in yeast-leavened doughs used in bread making or the like in terms of increasing desirable organoleptic properties such as loaf volume and crumb quality. The substitute comprises a component such as an ammonium salt which serves as a source of ammonium ion in the dough, and in preferred forms includes a quantity of deproteinized whey, a protein supplement such as soy isolates, and where necessary a base for controlling the pH of the substitute. In the preferred form the substitute serves as both a functional and nutritional replacement for NFDM in yeast-leavened doughs but is much lower in cost and can be used without difficulty in both batch and continuous bread making processes.