Abstract: The present invention features a method comprising a metabolomic biomarker panel representing a metabolomic profile/fingerprint and methods of applying the profile to diagnose, monitor, and guide treatment for PAH. The profile comprises a unique panel of 36 metabolomic biomarkers/metabolites detected in plasma and/or urine obtained from the patient. The present invention allows for identification of patients with PAH in early-stage disease, before the condition has progressed sufficiently to produce clinical symptoms, and uniquely distinguishes PAH from pulmonary hypertension due to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and/or left heart disease. The present invention allows for pre-screening of patients to identify PAH at the asymptomatic stage or help to minimize the time for PAH diagnosis after initial symptom onset.

Abstract: The present invention is a targeted peptide conjugated with an antioxidant, NO, to inhibit Akt nitration. The nitroxide peptide (NP), comprises two parts, one being the peptide part with the affinity to Akt near Tyr 350 residue (Ser-Arg-IIe-Arg-Ser; SRIRS)—and the other, a conjugated antioxidant—nitroxide (3-Carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-1-yloxy) covalently attached to the free N-terminal amine. It can be utilized for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with potential application in other abnormal proliferative disorders such as cancer. The present invention features targeted selectivity for Akt nitration and does not affect Akt phosphorylation nor other physiological processes controlled by Akt signaling pathways. The present invention may also apply to other proliferative disorders including cancer or other disorders that cause or are caused by Akt nitration or protein oxidation.

Abstract: This invention discloses isolated short peptides comprising the amino acid sequence Cys-Glu-Phe-His (CEFH) and analogs thereof as well as compositions comprising CEFH peptides and analogs thereof. The CEFH peptides disclosed herein are effective in mediating the denitration of 3-nitrotyrosines (3-NT) in cellular proteins thereby preventing tissue damage associated with excess nitric oxide (NO) and its reactive species. The CEFH peptides disclosed herein are useful in the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of various tissues (e.g., I/R injury of heart muscle associated with heart attack or cardiac surgery, I/R injury of brain tissue associated with stroke, I/R injury of liver tissue, skeletal muscles, etc.), septic shock, anaphylactic shock, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.

Abstract: Perfluorocarbons are used to control nitric oxide metabolism, either to inhibit nitric oxide activity or to potentiate the effects of nitric oxide. Perfluorocarbons can be used, for example, to treat hypotension and vasoplegia in septic shock, to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, to treat hypertension, and to provide antiplatelet effects.