Abstract: Animation apparatus and methods wherein two- or three-dimensional individual animation items are carried by a support movable incrementally through an endless path composed of a plurality of segments or sections of uniform length. The number of animation items may be the same as, or more or less than, the number of incremental segments of such path. The frequency of movement and the speed of such movement during each segment, and the dwell period between successive segments, are such as to produce animation of the items via the persistence of vision phenomenon.