Abstract: Provided is a file (document) management process for efficiently understanding a summary of files in a folder without checking the contents of the individual subfolders or files. A summary of a plurality of files included in a folder is generated dynamically (each time the folder is accessed by placing a cursor on the folder, for example) and is displayed. For example, a summary of a feature of files included in a folder, which is recognized as being different from the feature of a plurality of files included in a sibling folder through comparison, determined on the basis of a feature or tendency of a file attribute, is described, and a location distribution of query-hit documents in the tiered folder is displayed.

Abstract: To create and manage vouchers by fully checking the contents of the vouchers so that the vouchers will not contain any flaws in description. Information described in a voucher is analyzed through the analysis of the logical structure of the voucher. It is checked, based on RCM (risk control matrix) prepared for internal control purposes, if an item described in the voucher satisfies a predetermined relationship and also if items described in vouchers, which are generated through a series of operations, satisfy a predetermined relationship. Then, a warning is displayed and entry of modification is accepted.

Abstract: Provided is a file (document) management process for efficiently understanding a summary of files in a folder without checking the contents of the individual subfolders or files. A summary of a plurality of files included in a folder is generated dynamically (each time the folder is accessed by placing a cursor on the folder, for example) and is displayed. For example, a summary of a feature of files included in a folder, which is recognized as being different from the feature of a plurality of files included in a sibling folder through comparison, determined on the basis of a feature or tendency of a file attribute, is described, and a location distribution of query-hit documents in the tiered folder is displayed.

Abstract: A method and a system for evaluating results of differentiating genotype signals and noise signals when a DNA fragment containing a gene to be analyzed is amplified by PCR and detected by electrophoresis are provided. An outlier of genotyping results is detected based on the fact that, when using the same marker, the height ratio of a stutter peak to a true peak and the height ratio of a +A peak to a true peak are reproducible, and that a constant size value is obtained with the use of the same allele of the same marker. In addition, a waveform obtained in past processes with the use of the same marker or the same allele is obtained utilizing a database by focusing on reproducibility. Also, a database is extended so as to obtain improved evaluation ability in a manner such that appropriate waveform data from which an outlier is not obtained is additionally registered in a database.

Abstract: A data input support system is provided to preliminarily remove particular error causes when genotype data are input for a program to execute linkage disequilibrium analysis or the like. By taking advantage of limiting conditions characteristic of genotype input data and the statistical properties of the entire data set, possible errors are detected by a preprocessing program, the detected errors are associated with false descriptions causing them to report the results, user input responding to the reported results is accepted, and a modified version of the input data is output.

Abstract: A display method and a display apparatus capable of discriminating correctly between a true peak and noise peaks in a waveform data of a fluorescence analysis result that is obtained from an electrophoresis experiment of PCR amplification products of a DNA fragment and also capable of displaying them are provided. Whether or not a complex peak waveform is generated is judged based on sequence information on a DNA marker. When a complex peak waveform is generated, a peak judging algorithm dedicated to complex peak waveform is applied. This peak judging algorithm is characterized in that peak misjudgment can be avoided by making the distance between a first fitting position of a basic waveform and a second fitting position of the basic waveform longer than a unit length at the time of fitting the basic waveform.

Abstract: For automatic genotype determination based on microsatellites, when a +A peak occurrence pattern largely varies due to excessively intense fluorescent signal, incapability of separating peaks completely, and incomplete experimental conditions, a decreased precision in noise removal and time requirement for visual check and correction become bottlenecks in the analysis. On the basis of data about alleles which have been reported to be observed in a marker, it is investigated whether or not a sample is suitable to be used for examining a +A peak occurrence pattern, which peak can be a starting point for examining the +A peak occurrence pattern, and whether the reported allele is a true peak or the +A peak thereof. According to the obtained data, the +A peak occurrence pattern is estimated. In this process, it is possible to perform an accurate estimation, and therefore, a precision for noise removal in automatic genotype discrimination can be improved.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for appropriately processing gene information in order to allow an easy estimation of haplotypes in large quantities of genome data. A list of genotypes at a plurality of gene loci in a plurality of individuals is displayed, using individual data and gene locus data. The individual data indicates gene loci of individuals and the genotype that exists at each gene locus. The gene locus data indicates a major allele and a minor allele at each gene locus. The individual genotypes are color-coded when they are displayed depending on whether they consist of homozygous major alleles, homozygous minor alleles, or heterozygous major and minor alleles at a particular gene locus.

Abstract: The present invention represents a global state of branches in a whole dendrogram as well as detail of states of individual subtrees, to aid focusing of groupings and selection of a clustering method. The present invention selects a branch/subtree in a dendrogram displays the subtree on a separate window, replaces the subtree with an icon then restores the icon into the original subtree, and/or searches keywords contained in information of biopolymers in the subtree then highlight the locations of biopolymers containing the keywords in its information.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for extracting similar expression patterns and related biopolymers considering natures that are characteristic of expression data of, for example, genes. A segment of experiment cases which includes an expression of interest is selected as a search range among an expression pattern of a reference gene or the like. By comparing the selected segment of the expression pattern with expression patterns of a group of candidate genes or the like, genes having an expression pattern with at least a partial similarity are searched from the group of candidate genes. A partially taken out curve (a part of an, expression pattern) is transferred to overlap an expression pattern curve of a candidate gene to search expression patterns with a similar pattern shape.

Abstract: A method and a system for evaluating results of differentiating genotype signals and noise signals when a DNA fragment containing a gene to be analyzed is amplified by PCR and detected by electrophoresis are provided. An outlier of genotyping results is detected based on the fact that, when using the same marker, the height ratio of a stutter peak to a true peak and the height ratio of a +A peak to a true peak are reproducible, and that a constant size value is obtained with the use of the same allele of the same marker. In addition, a waveform obtained in past processes with the use of the same marker or the same allele is obtained utilizing a database by focusing on reproducibility. Also, a database is extended so as to obtain improved evaluation ability in a manner such that appropriate waveform data from which an outlier is not obtained is additionally registered in a database.

Abstract: A gene information display method and apparatus for displaying waveform data obtained by fluorescence analysis of a DNA fragment that is subjected to PCR amplification and electrophoresis, in such a manner as to allow an experimental error to be easily detected through visual inspection. The apparatus, which displays the result of analysis of the length of a DNA fragment based on a detection signal from a PCR amplification product thereof, includes a processing unit for displaying detection signals from the PCR amplification products of a plurality of individuals in a graph in an overlapped manner. In the graph, the intensity of the detection signal is shown on a first axis and the fragment length is shown on a second axis.

Abstract: A data input support system is provided to preliminarily remove particular error causes when genotype data are input for a program to execute linkage disequilibrium analysis or the like. By taking advantage of limiting conditions characteristic of genotype input data and the statistical properties of the entire data set, possible errors are detected by a preprocessing program, the detected errors are associated with false descriptions causing them to report the results, user input responding to the reported results is accepted, and a modified version of the input data is output.

Abstract: A method of displaying gene data assists in discovering expression patterns specific to gene functions and inferring the function of a gene of which the function is unknown. A threshold value representing the degree of similarity of expression patterns is established in advance, and genes having the same function and genes with similar expression patterns to them are extracted and displayed. Cluster analysis is performed on the extracted genes by re-selecting the experiment patterns for clustering. Calculations are performed to see how many functions the genes belonging to a subtree have, and the proportion of each function in the subtree is determined. If a proportion exceeds a predetermined threshold value, they are regarded as a cluster (collection of genes with similar functions) and extracted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the relative height of a stutter peak in an individual typing experiment and a pooled typing experiment which is conducted on a DNA marker with high accuracy without performing an additional preliminary experiment, and displaying the result of the experiment or the like that has been corrected in accordance with the results of estimation. A determination as to whether or not a DNA marker is a compound marker and the estimation of the relative height of a stutter peak are made by utilizing the intervals of peaks in a waveform of a detection signal obtained from a PCR amplification product and the features of published genome sequences.

Abstract: Where a DNA chip corresponding to a bacterium that is a subsequently added identification object is produced, temporal and pecuniary cost is reduced, and even where a probe unique to the DNA sequence of an identification object cannot be designed, precision in identifying DNA comprised in a sample is maximized. First, on designing a probe, a plurality of different probes are prepared to one kind of bacterium. Where some probes come to be not available by addition of bacteria that are new identification objects, identification is carried out using the remaining probes. Where a probe unique to an identification target bacterium cannot be designed, a probability of correct identification is increased by using multiple probes. Moreover, in consideration with a possibility that multiple kinds of bacteria simultaneously exist, a combination of probes that maximizes a probability of correct identification is selected.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for displaying gene expression patterns of multiple genes that change according to the experiment cases, where a first axis represents the genes and a second axis represents the experiment cases. The method comprises two steps. The first step consists of designating a segment along the second axis in the expression pattern data of the multiple genes. The second step comprises clustering the expression pattern data within the designated segment along the second axis based on a predetermined reference value, repeating clustering within the same cluster in a forward or reverse direction along the second axis while changing the reference value, and displaying the results according to a predetermined display format.

Abstract: A display method and a display apparatus capable of discriminating correctly between a true peak and noise peaks in a waveform data of a fluorescence analysis result that is obtained from an electrophoresis experiment of PCR amplification products of a DNA fragment and also capable of displaying them are provided. Whether or not a complex peak waveform is generated is judged based on sequence information on a DNA marker. When a complex peak waveform is generated, a peak judging algorithm dedicated to complex peak waveform is applied. This peak judging algorithm is characterized in that peak misjudgment can be avoided by making the distance between a first fitting position of a basic waveform and a second fitting position of the basic waveform longer than a unit length at the time of fitting the basic waveform.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a visual display which is useful in roughly understanding the state of groupings and changes, by comparing expression data of genes from two experiments based on expression data of one sample common to both experiments. In order to compare data of expression levels obtained from different experiments each using two types of samples, three types of expression levels are displayed in three-dimension as mediated by the data of the common sample used in both experiments. Specifically, expression level data for Samples A and B and expression level data for Samples A and C are combined and converted into single three-dimensional data and displayed as points inside a sphere. Alternatively, expression states of each gene to Samples A, B and C are mapped on a sphere with respect to a ratio between Sample A and Sample B and a ratio between Samples A and C, and displayed as distribution on the surface of the sphere.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for appropriately processing gene information in order to allow an easy estimation of haplotypes in large quantities of genome data. A list of genotypes at a plurality of gene loci in a plurality of individuals is displayed, using individual data and gene locus data. The individual data indicates gene loci of individuals and the genotype that exists at each gene locus. The gene locus data indicates a major allele and a minor allele at each gene locus. The individual genotypes are color-coded when they are displayed depending on whether they consist of homozygous major alleles, homozygous minor alleles, or heterozygous major and minor alleles at a particular gene locus.