Abstract: A radiographic device in which the scatter radiation and the grid foil can be removed without preparing the number of patterns corresponding to the position shift despite the occurrence of the position shift of a scatter radiation removal module relative to a radiation detection module. A foil shade integration value image A_SHsum (g, y, a), I_SHsum (g, y,a), which is normalized to the sum of absorption rates of a direct radiation relative to individual grid foils on a shooting with and without the subject, are respectively calculated and a distance function D (c) based on these absorption rates calculated. Given the foil shade integration value image A_SHsum (g, y, a) selected from a plurality of the foil shade integration value images A_SHsum (g, y, a), wherein the distance function D (c) becomes minimum, the scatter x-ray and the grid foil can be removed without preparing a number of patterns corresponding position shifts despite an occurrence of the position shift of the grid relative to the detector.

Abstract: A dope (24) containing a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent is cast onto a web (111) so as to form a casting membrane (24a) thereon. A first blower unit (91) applies dry air to the casting membrane (24a). After a lapse of 60 seconds from the casting, a skin layer (24c) is formed at an exposed surface (24b) side of the casting membrane (24a). The casting membrane (24a) with the web (111) is brought into contact with a first liquid (65a), and thereby reducing a remaining solvent amount of the casting membrane (24a). The casting membrane (24a) is then peeled from the web (111) as a membrane (62). In a tenter drier (64), the membrane (62) is dried while it is stretched. The membrane (62) is then brought into contact with a second liquid (66a). In a drying chamber (69), the membrane (62) is further dried.

Abstract: First, second and third dopes each of which contains a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent are cast from a casting die provided with a feed block to a moving belt. A three-layer casting membrane is peeled off from the belt as a three-layer membrane containing the organic solvent. After being dried in a tenter device, the membrane still containing the organic solvent is contacted with a liquid which is a poor solvent of the solid electrolyte and having lower boiling point than the organic solvent. Thereafter, the membrane is transported to a drying chamber and dried while being supported by the plural rollers.

Abstract: Solution casting of polymer film (76, 102) is provided. A dope (22, 115-117) containing a polymer of cellulose triacetate and solvent is cast on a casting support band (34, 121) which moves, to form a cast film (69, 122), and then the cast film is stripped from the casting support band and dried, to produce the polymer film. In the solution casting, the cast film is cooled shortly before stripping the cast film from the casting support band. Preferably, a cooling temperature to which the cast film is cooled is set lower than 6 deg. C. The cast film is cooled within a predetermined cooling region, disposed to start at a stripping point for the cast film, and to extend upstream therefrom with a length equal to or less than 25% of the length of the casting support band. The cast film is blown by cooling gas caused to flow for cooling.

Abstract: A dope (24) containing a solvent and a precursor of a solid electrolyte is cast onto a belt (94) to form a casting membrane (61). The casting membrane (61) is immersed in a contact liquid (100) in a liquid bath (83) and peeled as a wet precursor membrane (67) from the belt (94) when having a self-supporting property. The solvent contained in the wet precursor membrane (67) is substituted by the contact liquid (100), and the wet precursor membrane (67) is transported out of the liquid bath (83). After being dried in a tenter device (85), the wet precursor membrane (67) is contacted with a proton solution (110) in a proton substitution chamber (86) to perform proton substitution to the precursor contained in the wet precursor membrane (67), and then dried in a drying chamber (87) to be a solid electrolyte membrane (77).

Abstract: A support roller includes a roller body and a rotary shaft, and supports a web under conveyance with a peripheral surface of the roller body. The peripheral surface includes edge contact areas and a merchandise portion contact area. The edge contact areas make contact with edges in a width direction of the web. Each edge contact area has projections and recesses that have an arcuate cross section, and extend in the peripheral direction of the roller body. The projections and the recesses are arranged alternately in an axial direction. The projections are spaced at intervals from 0.01 mm to 2 mm. A height from a bottom of the recess to an apex of the projection is from 0.01 mm to 1 mm. The apex has a curvature radius in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A dope (24) containing a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent is cast onto a web (111) to form a casting membrane (24a). The casting membrane (24a) is contacted with a first liquid (65a). A remaining solvent on the casting membrane (24a) is reduced. The casting membrane (24a) is peeled off as a membrane (62) from a belt (82). In a tenter device (64), the membrane (62) is dried while being stretched. Thereafter, the membrane (62) is contacted with a second liquid (66a). The membrane (62) is transported to a drying chamber (69) and dried while being supported by plural rollers (68). Since the membrane (62) is dried after substituting the first and second liquids (65a) and (66a) for the organic solvent, it becomes easy to evaporate and remove the remaining organic solvent in the membrane (62) together with the first and second liquids (65a) and (66a).

Abstract: First, second and third dopes 114, 115 and 116 each of which contains a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent are cast from a casting die 81 provided with a feed block 119 to a moving belt 82. A three-layer casting membrane 112 is peeled off from the belt 82 as a three-layer membrane 62 containing the organic solvent. After being dried in a tenter device 64, the membrane 62 still containing the organic solvent is contacted with a liquid which is a poor solvent of the solid electrolyte and having lower boiling point than the organic solvent. Thereafter, the membrane 62 is transported to a drying chamber 69 and dried while being supported by the plural rollers.

Abstract: A dope (24) containing a solid electrolyte is cast from a casting die (81) onto a running belt (82). A casting membrane (24a) is peeled from the belt (82) as a wet membrane (25) containing the solid electrolyte. The wet membrane (25) is sent to a tenter drier (64) and dried therein to have a predetermined width in a state that both side edges thereof are held with clips (64a). The wet membrane (25) is then sent out of the tenter drier (64) as a membrane (62). The membrane (62) is sent to a drying chamber (69) and is further dried while being supported by rollers (68).

Abstract: In a casting membrane forming process (63), a dope containing a solid electrolyte is cast on a casting belt (93) from a casting die. On the casting belt, a casting membrane (61) is formed. In a casting membrane drying process (66a), the casting membrane (61) is dried. In a solvent contacting process (66b), the casting membrane (61) contacts a poor solvent of the solid electrolyte. By a self-supporting property developing process (66), a self-supporting property is given to the casting membrane (61) for a short time. The casting membrane (61) is peeled from the casting belt (93) as a precursor membrane (67). The precursor membrane (67) is immersed into water. After the precursor membrane (67) is dried, a proton substitution is performed to obtain a hydrogen-substituted membrane (75). By washing and drying of the hydrogen-substituted membrane (75), a solid electrolyte membrane (79) is obtained.

Abstract: A dope (24) containing a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent is cast onto a web (111) so as to form a casting membrane (24a) thereon. A first blower unit (91) applies dry air to the casting membrane (24a). After a lapse of 60 seconds from the casting, a skin layer (24c) is formed at an exposed surface (24b) side of the casting membrane (24a). The casting membrane (24a) with the web (111) is brought into contact with a first liquid (65a), and thereby reducing a remaining solvent amount of the casting membrane (24a). The casting membrane (24a) is then peeled from the web (111) as a membrane (62). In a tenter drier (64), the membrane (62) is dried while it is stretched. The membrane (62) is then brought into contact with a second liquid (66a). In a drying chamber (69), the membrane (62) is further dried.

Abstract: Solution casting of polymer film (76, 102) is provided. A dope (22, 115-117) containing a polymer of cellulose triacetate and solvent is cast on a casting support band (34, 121) which moves, to form a cast film (69, 122), and then the cast film is stripped from the casting support band and dried, to produce the polymer film. In the solution casting, the cast film is cooled shortly before stripping the cast film from the casting support band. Preferably, a cooling temperature to which the cast film is cooled is set lower than 6 deg. C. The cast film is cooled within a predetermined cooling region, disposed to start at a stripping point for the cast film, and to extend upstream therefrom with a length equal to or less than 25 % of the length of the casting support band. The cast film is blown by cooling gas caused to flow for cooling.

Abstract: A brightness limitation system is employed in a television circuit to prevent the black reference voltage level and the video signal from entering a minimum signal clipping zone, to provide precise correction signal, limiting the brightness, to maintain a constant black reference voltage level, and maintain a video signal with dynamic amplitude. The brightness limitation circuit detects a minimum signal level amongst the black reference signals from each color channel and compares the minimum signal with a fixed voltage level to generate a brightness feedback signal. The brightness feedback signal is then used to modify the black reference signal level for each color channel.

Abstract: An interface between an automation host and a plurality of tools is used to perform a processing step. The interface includes a single communications and process behavioral connection interface to the automation host. The interface also includes a plurality of virtual host interfaces. Each virtual host interface from the plurality of virtual host interfaces provides a communications and process behavioral interface to one of the tools in the plurality of tools. The automation host can control and coordinate operation of all tools in the plurality of tools via the single communications and process behavioral connection interface.

Abstract: An interface between an automation host and a plurality of tools is used to perform a processing step. The interface includes a single communications and process behavioral connection interface to the automation host. The interface also includes a plurality of virtual host interfaces. Each virtual host interface from the plurality of virtual host interfaces provides a communications and process behavioral interface to one of the tools in the plurality of tools. The automation host can control and coordinate operation of all tools in the plurality of tools via the single communications and process behavioral connection interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for changing ring rolls of a bar and wire rod mill which makes roll changing work easy and in particular to a method for changing only the ring rolls without disassembling the housing in accordance with an optimum process. The method for changing ring rolls in a bar and wire rod mill having a plurality of roll assemblies incorporated into a housing and arranged in equiangular positions in circumferential direction comprises the steps of disengaging the interference fit between the spent ring rolls and the roll shaft, withdrawing the spent ring rolls by moving the roll shaft in an axial direction, changing the spent ring rolls with new ring rolls in the housing, inserting the roll shaft into the new ring rolls, and engaging the new ring rolls in interference fit with the roll shaft.

Abstract: In a sizing rolling method carried out by installing at least 3 sets of 4-roll rolling mills in series, a central angle &thgr;1 of the perfect circle forming section of each rolling roll in a first path is set to less than 15°. The central angle &thgr;3 is set to at least 45° in a third path and the central angle &thgr;2 is set to at least 30° in a second path B. The groove of each rolling roll is arranged such that each escape section is composed of the tangential line of an arc formed by the perfect circle forming section. A roller guide having four guide rollers is installed on the inlet side of the second path and the free surface of a workpiece is held and guided by the guide rollers. An angle &agr; of the V-shaped groove of each guide roller is set similar to the angle (90°+&thgr;1) between straight lines forming the escape section of the adjacent rolling rolls in the first path. With this technology, even if a wire has a diameter of 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wire rod rolling line in which a finishing mill group rear stage is composed of a combination of a plurality of 4-roll mills. An object of the present invention is to provide a wire rod rolling line having a very high operating ratio capable of expanding a size free rolling range and at the same time capable of arranging pass schedules in which the pass schedule of an upstream pass is simplified in order to shorten a line stop time for adjusting mills. To achieve the object, the wire rod rolling line of the present invention is arranged such that three mills from the end of the finishing mill group are 4-roll mills, these three mills are installed in series with the reducing directions thereof dislocated by 45°, the two mills from the end are driven by a common motor and the third 4-roll mill from the end is separately driven.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roll stand for bar and wire rod rolling mill, capable of being applied to various sizes of bars and wire rods by a small number of housing block sets, permitting maintenance work therefor to be carried out easily, and having characteristics in the housing thereof. The roll stand for bar and wire rod rolling mill according to the present invention is characterized in that the housing is divided into two, i.e. a roll block and a driving block by a plane including a position in which a driving gear and a driven gear are meshed with each other or a position in the vicinity of this position, whereby the number of housing block sets to be prepared is reduced. This enables the housing manufacturing cost to be lowered, and the replacement of a roll to be carried out efficiently.

Abstract: A rolling mill having a plurality of roll units, a rolling-reduction adjusting device of an eccentric-cartridge type, and a roll-alignment adjusting device, all mounted on its housing. The housing is split into freely separable and joinable first and second housing segments. The housing segments have semicircular bearing-holder segments formed in their joint surfaces. The shafts of the roll units are held between the first and second housing segments by being journaled in eccentric cartridges which are fitted in the bearing holders consisting of the semicircular bearing-holder segments. The roll-alignment adjusting device includes adjusting mechanisms and chucks to connect the shaft ends of the roll units to the adjusting rods of the adjusting mechanisms.