Abstract: A single crystal SiC substrate capable of forming a good epitaxial thin film thereon to give a high-quality epitaxial substrate is provided. The single crystal SiC substrate has a CMP-treated surface and has 5 or fewer lattice defects measuring 30 nm or more in a direction parallel to the polished surface and 50 nm or more in a direction perpendicular to the polished surface as counted within a depth of 100 nm from the polished surface in a direction perpendicular to the polished surface and a length of 10 ?m in a direction parallel to the polished surface when observed in cross-section using a transmission electron microscope under the 00L reflection or the h-h0 reflection, where L and h are each an integer other than 0.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a light irradiation portion that irradiates a recording medium transported to a predefined position with light, a power supply member that is disposed at a position which is irradiated with light with a first intensity of light emitted from the light irradiation portion in a state in which the recording medium is disposed at the predefined position and which is irradiated with light with a second intensity larger than the first intensity of light in a state in which the recording medium is not disposed at the predefined position, and that changes a physical property thereof so as to reduce the supply of power when the power supply member is continuously irradiated with the light with the second intensity for a predefined time or more, and a power supply portion that supplies power to the light irradiation portion via the power supply member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polishing slurry capable of polishing even high-hardness materials such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride at a high polishing speed. The present invention is a polishing slurry including a slurry containing a manganese oxide particle and a manganate ion for polishing high-hardness materials having a Mohs hardness of 8 or higher. In the present invention, the manganese oxide particle in the slurry is preferably 1.0 mass % or more; the manganese oxide is preferably manganese dioxide; and the manganate ion is preferably permanganate ion. The polishing slurry according to the present invention enables even high-hardness hardly-machinable materials such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride to be polished smoothly at a high speed.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes a conveying part, an image-forming part, first through third sensors, and a control part. The conveying part is configured and arranged to convey a continuous recording material. The image-forming part is configured and arranged to form an image on the recording material conveyed by the conveying part. The first through third sensors are configured and arranged to detect positions of an edge surface of the recording material conveyed by the conveying part. The control part is configured to calculate first through third shifting amounts based on the positions of the edge surface of the recording material simultaneously detected by the first through third sensors, respectively. The first shifting amount is generated by movement of the recording material, the second shifting amount is generated by rotation of the recording material, and the third shifting amount is generated by fluctuations in the edge surface of the recording material.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a light irradiation portion that irradiates a recording medium transported to a predefined position with light, a power supply member that is disposed at a position which is irradiated with light with a first intensity of light emitted from the light irradiation portion in a state in which the recording medium is disposed at the predefined position and which is irradiated with light with a second intensity larger than the first intensity of light in a state in which the recording medium is not disposed at the predefined position, and that changes a physical property thereof so as to reduce the supply of power when the power supply member is continuously irradiated with the light with the second intensity for a predefined time or more, and a power supply portion that supplies power to the light irradiation portion via the power supply member.

Abstract: A sheet waste processing device includes: a sheet processing tool that generates piece-like sheet wastes by processing for sheets; a waste receiver that is provided freely movably under the sheet processing tool between a setting position where the sheet wastes generated by the sheet processing tool are housed and a non-setting position where the sheet wastes housed are disposed of; and a transporting/guarding member that is provided between the sheet processing tool and the waste receiver, transports the sheet wastes into the waste receiver located at the setting position, and blocks direct touching the sheet processing tool from a waste receiver space generated by movement of the waste receiver under the condition that the waste receiver is moved to the non-setting position.

Abstract: A decoding device checks whether there is free space in each of channel-by-channel buffers, specifies a channel corresponding to a buffer having free space as an input channel for receiving an input of compressed data, analyzes codes of the compressed data received through the input channel, and detects a delimit position in the compressed data on the basis of a result of the analysis. The decoding device expands the compressed data received through the input channel, and sorts the expanded data so as to be stored in the buffer corresponding to the input channel. The decoding device cancels specification of the input channel in accordance with detection of the delimit position, and checks whether there is free space in each of the channel-by-channel buffers, and then specifies a channel corresponding to a buffer having free space as a next input channel.

Abstract: A management apparatus includes a storing unit configured to store business process association information and task association information; and a control unit configured to generate correlation information in which the business process association information and the task association information are correlated, and configured to store the correlation information in the storing unit, wherein, the control unit, in response to a transfer instruction that transfers the task to be a target of transfer in a first business process to a second business process, generates the correlation information in which the business process association information on the second business process and the task association information on the task to be a target of transfer are correlated, and based on the correlation information, obtains the task association information on the task in the first business process and the task association information on the task in the second business process.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a shape of a surface, comprises a measurement head which measures a distance between a reference point and the surface by detecting interference between test light obtained when light that passes through the reference point is emitted, is reflected by the surface, and returns to the reference point, and reference light, a scanning mechanism which scans the measurement head, and a processor which calculates the shape of the surface based on the distance measured using the measurement head and coordinates of the reference point.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a shape of a surface, comprises a measurement head which measures a direction of a normal from the surface to a reference point by detecting test light obtained when light that passes through the reference point is emitted, is reflected by the surface, and returns to the reference point, a scanning mechanism which scans the measurement head, and a processor which calculates the shape of the surface based on the direction of the normal measured using the measurement head and a position of the reference point.

Abstract: A recording medium post-processing apparatus includes a recording medium stacking member; a first binding member that moves to an inside of a stacked area, binds the recording media by deforming the recording media, and moves to an outside of the stacked area after binding the recording media; and a guiding member disposed between the first binding member and the recording media and fixed to the first binding member, the guiding member guiding the recording media so that a gap between the recording media and the first binding member is maintained when the first binding member moves around the inside of the stacked area, wherein the guiding member has an opening that surrounds an area in which the first binding member operates to deform the recording media, and a part of the opening is narrowed in a moving direction of the first binding member.

Abstract: A recording medium post-processing apparatus includes: a recording medium stacking unit on which recording media are stacked; a binding section that binds the recording media by deforming the recording media in a thickness direction, and retracts to the outside of the stacking area of the recording media after binding the recording media; a reference member that functions as a position reference used for aligning the recording media; and an alignment unit that aligns end portions of the recording media facing the reference member by moving the recording media to a position where the recording media come into contact with the reference member from a position where the recording media are separated from the reference member.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a shape of a surface, comprises a measurement head which measures at least one of a distance between a reference point and the surface and a direction of a normal from the surface to the reference point, a scanning mechanism which scans the measurement head, and a processor which calculates the shape of the surface based on a measurement result measured using the measurement head and coordinates of the reference point, wherein the coordinates of the reference point are calibrated using a measurement result measured by scanning the measurement head along a scanning path in association with a first surface to be measured, and a shape of a second surface to be measured is calculated based on a measurement result measured by scanning the measurement head along the same scanning path in association with the second surface, and the calibrated coordinates of the reference point.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a support unit on which sheets, which each include first and second edge portions that differ from each other, are stacked together such that the first and second edge portions are aligned; a counter member disposed so as to face the first edge portions; a pressing member that presses the first edge portions against the counter member; a first binding unit that binds together the first edge portions by a first binding process, the first edge portion of each sheet being pressed against the counter member by the pressing member; and a second binding unit that binds together the second edge portions by a second binding process, the first edge portion of each sheet being pressed against the counter member by the pressing member, a bond formed by the second binding unit being more easily breakable than a bond formed by the first binding unit.

Abstract: A paper discharge device includes a discharge member, a paper carry portion, a first moving section, a pair of paper side end register sections, a second moving section, and a discharge paper control section. The paper carry portion carries thereon paper discharged by the discharge member. The first moving section moves the discharge member in a paper width direction to shift the position of paper. The pair of paper side end register sections holds the paper from both sides in the paper width direction. The second moving section moves the pair of paper side end register sections in the paper width direction. The discharge paper control section, when the shifting direction of the paper by the first moving section is switched from one direction to the other direction, controls the second moving section to move the pair of paper side end register section in the other direction.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes a conveying part, an image-forming part, first through third sensors, and a control part. The conveying part is configured and arranged to convey a continuous recording material. The image-forming part is configured and arranged to form an image on the recording material conveyed by the conveying part. The first through third sensors are configured and arranged to detect positions of an edge surface of the recording material conveyed by the conveying part. The control part is configured to calculate first through third shifting amounts based on the positions of the edge surface of the recording material simultaneously detected by the first through third sensors, respectively. The first shifting amount is generated by movement of the recording material, the second shifting amount is generated by rotation of the recording material, and the third shifting amount is generated by fluctuations in the edge surface of the recording material.

Abstract: An image forming system includes an image forming unit that forms images on sheets; a sheet compiling unit that compiles the sheets on which the image forming unit has formed the images into a sheet stack; a first binding unit that binds a first end portion of the sheet stack by performing a first binding process; a second binding unit that binds a second end portion of the sheet stack by performing a second binding process, the second end portion being different from the first end portion; and an image rotation unit that rotates an orientation of each of the images in accordance with whether the sheet stack is to be bound by using the first binding unit or the second binding unit, the images being formed on the sheets of the sheet stack by the image forming unit.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a metal layer with an insulating layer which is uniform and thin and can be produced in low cost. To achieve the object, a laminate composed of a ceramic insulating layer and a metal layer characterized in that the ceramic insulating layer has a binder provided among ceramic particles constituting a ceramic particle film formed by electrophoretic deposition of the ceramic particles is employed. The laminate can be suitably used as a base material for production of various types of electronic devices, the circuit formation of printed wiring boards, semiconductor circuits and circuits including semiconductor circuits, and capacitors utilizing dielectric performance of the ceramic insulating layer.

Abstract: A recording medium post-processing apparatus includes: a recording medium stacking unit on which recording media are stacked; a binding section that binds the recording media by deforming the recording media in a thickness direction, and retracts to the outside of the stacking area of the recording media after binding the recording media; a reference member that functions as a position reference used for aligning the recording media; and an alignment unit that aligns end portions of the recording media facing the reference member by moving the recording media to a position where the recording media come into contact with the reference member from a position where the recording media are separated from the reference member.

Abstract: A recording medium post-processing apparatus includes a recording medium stacking member; a first binding member that moves to an inside of a stacked area, binds the recording media by deforming the recording media, and moves to an outside of the stacked area after binding the recording media; and a guiding member disposed between the first binding member and the recording media and fixed to the first binding member, the guiding member guiding the recording media so that a gap between the recording media and the first binding member is maintained when the first binding member moves around the inside of the stacked area, wherein the guiding member has an opening that surrounds an area in which the first binding member operates to deform the recording media, and a part of the opening is narrowed in a moving direction of the first binding member.