Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxyalkylaminosulfonic acids which comprises reacting a hydroxyalkylamine of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, or a lower alkyl group, with an alkali metal salt of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated sulfonic acid of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and M is an alkali metal, followed by elimination of the alkali metal to give a hydroxyalkylaminosulfonic acid of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are each as defined above and R.sub.2 ' is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, a lower alkyl group or a group of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3 is as defined above.

Abstract: A polymerizable amino acid compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl and optionally having --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl and optionally having --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, or when R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a nitrogen atom containing heterocyclic group, R.sub.6 is an alkylene group having not more than 6 carbon atoms and A is --COO-- or --SO.sub.3 --, provided that when R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, R.sub.5 is not hydrogen, which is highly soluble in water or organic solvents without any acidic or basic substance and can be introduced into the molecule of high molecular compounds.

Abstract: An undifferentiated symbiotic combination of alga and fungus cells, obtained directly from a lichen explant, are cultured in a media under appropriate conditions to produce aromatic lichenous substances and these substances are recovered.

Abstract: A resinous emulsion is prepared by copolymerizing .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a crosslinking monomer which is at least difunctional, in an aqueous medium in the presence of a resin having an amphoionic group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or phenylene and Y is --COOH or --SO.sub.3 H, or in the presence of a resin having the above said amphoionic group and a polymerizable .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated bonding. The thus obtained emulsion is useful for the obtainment of crosslinked polymer microparticles to be incorporated in a high solid coating composition or for the preparation of aqueous coating composition because of having contained no harmful emulsifier or surfactant.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxyalkylaminosulfonic acids which comprises reacting a hydroxyalkylamine of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, or a lower alkyl group, with an alkali metal salt of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated sulfonic acid of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and M is an alkali metal, followed by elimination of the alkali metal to give a hydroxyalkylaminosulfonic acid of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are each as defined above and R.sub.2 ' is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydroxyalkyl group optionally containing --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, a lower alkyl group or a group of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3 is as defined above.

Abstract: A high solid coating composition comprising(A) a film-forming polymer having functional group(s) capable of reacting with the crosslinking agent (D) hereinafter referred to,(B) a volatile organic liquid diluent in which the polymer (A) is carried,(C) polymer microparticles having an average diameter of from 0.02 to 40 microns, which are insoluble in the combination of the film-forming polymer (A) and the diluent (B) and are maintained in a stabilized state of dispersion therein, and(D) a crosslinking agent dissolved in the diluent (B), which is characterized by the fact that the microparticles (C) are composed of crosslinked copolymer obtained by copolymerizing at least one of the polymerizable amino acid compounds of the formula: ##STR1## with other polymerizable .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers, at least part of which is crosslinking monomer.

Abstract: A high solid coating composition comprising(A) a film-forming polymer having functional group(s) capable of reacting with the crosslinking agent (D) hereinafter referred to,(B) a volatile organic liquid diluent in which the polymer (A) is carried,(C) polymer microparticles having an average diameter of from 0.02 to 40 microns, which are insoluble in the combination of the film-forming polymer (A) and the diluent (B) and are maintained in a stabilized state of dispersion therein, and(D) a crosslinking agent dissolved in the diluent (B),which is characterized in that the microparticles (C) are composed of crosslinked copolymer of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers carrying thereon a resinous portion having an amphoionic group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a member selected from optionally substituted alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and phenylene group and Y is --COOH or --SO.sub.3 H.

Abstract: A polymerizable amino acid compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl and optionally having --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl and optionally having --O-- or --COO-- in the alkyl chain, or when R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a nitrogen atom containing heterocyclic group, R.sub.6 is an alkylene group having not more than 6 carbon atoms and A is --COO-- or --SO.sub.3 --, provided that when R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, R.sub.5 is not hydrogen, which is highly soluble in water or organic solvents without any acidic or basic substance and can be introduced into the molecule of high molecular compounds.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion comprising a polymeric resin prepared by polymerizing (a) at least one amino acid of either one of the formula: ##STR1## and the formula: ##STR2## with (b) at least one other polymerizable monomer in an aqueous medium, the component (a) and at least a portion of the component (b) being introduced separately into the reaction system.

Abstract: Amphoteric amino sulfonate derivatives of epoxy resins having at least one terminal group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or substituted alkyl, and R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or substituted alkylene, which are reaction products of an epoxy resin having a plurality of terminal groups of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined, with an amino sulfonate of the formula:R.sub.3 --NH--R.sub.4 --SO.sub.3 Mwherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined, and M is a cation.

Abstract: An acrylic resin emulsion which comprises an aqueous medium and particles of an acrylic resin emulsified and dispersed therein by the use of the emulsifier comprising as an essential component a polyester comprising in the molecule an amino-sulfonic acid type amphoionic group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene group, a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group.

Abstract: An alkyd resin containing ampho-ionic groups of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or a phenylene group, is disclosed. Said resin is prepared by reacting a polyol, a polybasic acid and an ampho-ionic compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein A is as defined above, R.sub.1 is a hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H or alkyl optionally containing sulfo and/or hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising as a main component a polymeric resin obtained by solution polymerization of at least one of polymerizable amino acid compounds of either one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally having --SO--, --COO-- or --O-- therein, R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene optionally substituted with --OH, --SH or --SR.sub.7 (R.sub.7 being C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl) and/or optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenylene optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and A is --COOH or --SO.sub.3 H, and ##STR2## wherein R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sub.11 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally having --SO--, --COO-- or --O-- therein, or a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being each as defined above), R.sub.12 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substantially lump free acrylic resin emulsion by emulsion polymerization of one or more acrylic monomers in water in the presence or absence of an emulsifier or a dispersing agent, wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence a water-insoluble resin which is immiscible with the acrylic resin in the emulsion and has a softening or melting point of 20.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: Ampho-ionic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein, for example, R is CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--COOCH.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 is hydrogen and B.sup..sym. is --N.sup..sym. --(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C.sub.12 H.sub.25, are prepared by reacting an oxirane compound with sulfur dioxide and a tertiary amine. These ampho-ionic compounds are useful as, for example, surfactants.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin of self cross-linking type which is prepared by polymerization of at least one polymerizable monomer having an ampho-ion structure, at least one polymerizable monomer containing an oxirane group and at least one other monomer and can afford a hardened film or article of good physical properties when cross-linked.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin which is a linear copolymer having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and a glass transition point of -30.degree. to +80.degree. C., obtained by polymerizing in an aqueous medium a monomer mixture comprising (1) 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one polymerizable monomer having an ampho-ionic structure, selected from the group consisting of (i) compounds representable by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each, the same or different, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, A is O or NH, m.sub.1 and n.sub.1 are each, the same or different, an integer of 1 to 12 and X.sup..crclbar. is SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar., SO.sub.4.sup..crclbar. or CO.sub.2.sup..crclbar. and (ii) compounds representable by either one of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, m.sub.2 is an integer of 0 to 6 and n.sub.2 is an integer of 1 to 6, and A and X.sup.

Abstract: An aqueous solution or dispersion of thermosetting resin comprising a resin, dissolved or dispersed in water in an amount of 5 to 85% by weight, said resin being obtained by solution polymerization of a mixture comprising (1) at least one polymerizable monomer having an amphoteric ion structure, (2) at least one polymerizable monomer containing a carboxyl group and (3) at least one of other polymerizable monomers in a hydrophilic organic solvent and has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 30,000 and a glass transition point of -30 to +80.degree. C.

Abstract: A thermosetting coating composition which comprises an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by polymerization of a polymerizable monomer having an ampho-ionic structure with any other polymerizable monomer being copolymerizable therewith and an amino plast resin, and which can afford a hardened coating film having an excellent durability at a relatively low temperature within a short period of time.

Abstract: A coating composition capable of producing a coating film having excellent water-proof property, solvent-resistant property, chemical-resistant property, thermal stability and hardness, which comprises water, a water-soluble solvent and a water-soluble, thermosetting resin as essential, film-forming component, which resin is prepared by (A) adding an amine to 100 parts by weight of a copolymer obtained by the copolymerization of (1) 5 to 30 parts by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acid component, (2) 5 to 50 parts by weight of an addition product component containing hydroxyl group and a tertiary aliphatic group having 4 to 26 carbon atoms, (3) 40 to 90 parts by weight of a hydroxy-free, polymerizable, unsaturated monomer component and (4) up to 20 parts by weight of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer component having a hydroxyl group in its molecule, the amount of said amine being 0.5 to 2.