Abstract: Maleic acid, maleic anhydride or other hydrogenatable precursor are catalytically hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran. It has been discovered that high yields of 1,4-butanediol are achieved when the hydrogenation catalyst comprises at least one noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and at least one of rhenium, tungsten or molybdenum on a carbon support wherein the carbon support has been contacted with an oxidizing agent prior to the deposition of the metals. This hydrogenation catalyst is prepared by the steps of(i) oxidizing the carbon support by contacting the carbon support with an oxidizing agent,(ii) impregnating in one or more impregnation steps comprising contacting the carbon support with a source of Group VIII metal and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum being in at least one solution,(iii) after each impregnation step, drying at a temperature under about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Maleic acid, maleic anhydride or other hydrogenatable precursor are catalytically hydrogenated to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran. It has been discovered that high yields of 1,4-butanediol are achieved when the hydrogenation catalyst comprises palladium, silver and rhenium on a carbon support and is prepared by the steps of(i) impregnating a carbon support with a source of palladium, silver and rhenium, wherein the source of palladium, silver and rhenium is at least one solution,(ii) after each impregnation step, drying the impregnated carbon support to remove solvent,(iii) heating the impregnated carbon support at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. under reducing conditions.The palladium in the catalyst is present in the form of crystallites having a particle size of less than 10 nm.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids or a lower alkyl ester thereof with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from the group Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of tetrahydrofuran comprises, in a single-stage process, catalytically hydrogenating the solution which results when at least one of maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride is dissolved in a monohydric aliphatic alcohol in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising the mixed oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrocarboxylation of propylene to produce predominantly isobutyric acid in the liquid phase is provided. The reaction of propylene, carbon monoxide and water is effected at a temperature of about 10.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. and at a pressure of about 75 psi to about 1500 psi in the presence of a strong acid and a metal phthalocyanine co-catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is the vapor phase cyclodehydration of an aldehyde or ketone over a solid catalyst which comprises phosphoric acid on a solid inorganic oxide support to make indene or a substituted indene according to the equation: ##STR1##

Abstract: Disclosed is the dehydrocyclization of certain alkylaromatics to indene or a substituted indene by contacting certain alkylaromatics in admixture with H.sub.2 O with a sulfided metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of indanes to indenes over a Co--Mo oxide on alumina catalyst and in the presence of sulfur.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of coated iron phosphorus oxide containing catalysts useful in the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids, wherein the catalysts are prepared by partially wetting a carrier or support in an aqueous silica solution/suspension, contacting the partially wet carrier with a powder of the iron phosphorus oxide catalyst, drying and calcining.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of iron phosphorous mixed oxide catalysts which are highly active at moderate temperatures by introducing iron and phosphorus containing compounds and promoter element containing compounds, if any, into a substantially organic liquid medium, heating, separating the resulting precursor, drying and calcining. The catalysts are useful for the dehydrogenation or oxydehydrogenation of organic compounds such as aldehydes or carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are oxidized to carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, by contacting the aldehyde with oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formulaMo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-3 O.sub.x (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb, Cs and Tl;M' is at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ta, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag, Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Bi, Te, Ce, Th, U and Sb; andx is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of aldehydes such as isobutyraldehyde with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of coated iron phosphorus oxide containing catalysts useful in the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids, wherein the catalysts are prepared by partially wetting a carrier or support in an aqueous silica solution/suspension, contacting the partially wet carrier with a powder of the iron phosphorus oxide catalyst, drying and calcining.

Abstract: Isobutyraldehyde is oxidized to methacrylic acid by contacting gaseous isobutyraldehyde with molecular oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.01-3 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-2 O.sub.xwhereM is at least one of K, Rb, Cs and Tl;M' is at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb and Sb; andx is a positive number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of maleic anhydride in high yield and selectivity which comprises partially oxidizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon selected from 1-butene, 2-butene and 1,3-butadiene or mixtures thereof in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst having the formula VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2. Preferably the reaction is carried out in the presence of steam to enhance the selectivity to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate), VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2, catalyst having an improved surface area and useful for the vapor phase oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins, such as the n-butenes, to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A lower unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon of at least 4 carbon atoms and an oxygen-containing gas react to form maleic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst having the oxides of tungsten, phosphorus, thallium, and vanadium, said catalyst being a phosphotungstic catalyst modified by minor amounts of thallium oxide and vanadium oxide, the sum of the oxides of Tl and V constituting from 1% to 15% of the catalyst, the atom ratio of Tl:V being within a range from about 2:1 to about 8:1 and the overall atomic ratios are such that W:P:Tl:V corresponds to 1:0.1-0.7:0.01-0.16:0.01-0.1. Sometimes from about 3 to about 50 volume percent steam is added to the reactant stream to enhance catalyst stability and selectivity.