Abstract: Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Abstract: Disclosed is a NP-?FEC (non-planar microfluidic electrochemical cell) or a reusable microfluidic electrochemical cell with a multiple three-dimensional (3D) non-planar interdigitated microelectrode array with minimal sample volume and enhanced electric fields penetration for highly sensitive electrochemical analysis. This demonstrates that cost-effective, easy-to-fabricate NP-?FEC can be an ideal new analytical lab-on-a-chip microfluidic platform for sensitive analyte inorganic heavy metals detection.

Abstract: Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Abstract: Provided are nanograting structures and methods of fabrication thereof that allow for stable, robust gratings and nanostructure embedded gratings that enhance electromagnetic field, fluorescence, and photothermal coupling through surface plasmon or, photonic resonance. The gratings produced exhibit long term stability of the grating structure and improved shelf life without degradation of the properties such as fluorescence enhancement. Embodiments of the invention build nanograting structures layer-by-layer to optimize structural and optical properties and to enhance durability.

Abstract: Provided are nanograting structures and methods of fabrication thereof that allow for stable, robust gratings and nanostructure embedded gratings that enhance electromagnetic field, fluorescence, and photothermal coupling through surface plasmon or, photonic resonance. The gratings produced exhibit long term stability of the grating structure and improved shelf life without degradation of the properties such as fluorescence enhancement. Embodiments of the invention build nanograting structures layer-by-layer to optimize structural and optical properties and to enhance durability.

Abstract: A method of producing a grating structure comprises the steps of forming a stamp from flexible plastic material, the stamp including a negative of a periodic grating pattern on a first surface; forming an ink by applying a polymer film to the stamp, the ink including a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the first surface of the ink contacts the first surface of the stamp such that the ink retains a positive of the periodic grating pattern; placing the ink and the stamp on a substrate such that the second surface of the ink contacts an upper surface of the substrate; and removing the stamp from the ink by applying a tensional force to one edge of the stamp.

Abstract: Provided are nanograting structures and methods of fabrication thereof that allow for stable, robust gratings and nanostructure embedded gratings that enhance electromagnetic field, fluorescence, and photothermal coupling through surface plasmon or, photonic resonance. The gratings produced exhibit long term stability of the grating structure and improved shelf life without degradation of the properties such as fluorescence enhancement. Embodiments of the invention build nanograting structures layer-by-layer to optimize structural and optical properties and to enhance durability.

Abstract: A method of producing a grating structure comprises the steps of forming a stamp from flexible plastic material, the stamp including a negative of a periodic grating pattern on a first surface; forming an ink by applying a polymer film to the stamp, the ink including a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the first surface of the ink contacts the first surface of the stamp such that the ink retains a positive of the periodic grating pattern; placing the ink and the stamp on a substrate such that the second surface of the ink contacts an upper surface of the substrate; and removing the stamp from the ink by applying a tensional force to one edge of the stamp.

Abstract: Provided are nanograting structures and methods of fabrication thereof that allow for stable, robust gratings and nanostructure embedded gratings that enhance electromagnetic field, fluorescence, and photothermal coupling through surface plasmon or, photonic resonance. The gratings produced exhibit long term stability of the grating structure and improved shelf life without degradation of the properties such as fluorescence enhancement. Embodiments of the invention build nanograting structures layer-by-layer to optimize structural and optical properties and to enhance durability.

Abstract: A microchamber electrochemical cell and method of using the cell for performing quantitative analysis of various charged macromolecules is presented. The microchamber electrochemical cell includes a substrate, opposing electrodes and at least one nanoslot. The substrate is configured to define a pair of opposing fluid reservoirs. The pair of opposing electrodes are respectively positioned within the opposing fluid reservoirs. Each nanoslot is configured to fluidly connect the opposing fluid reservoirs together. The opposing fluid reservoirs of the microchamber electrochemical cell are fluidly connected to each other only through each nanoslot. Each nanoslot is physically restricted to less than 500 nanometers. One method includes the steps of coupling, filling, measuring, obtaining, performing and preparing.

Abstract: A method of producing a grating structure comprises the steps of forming a stamp from flexible plastic material, the stamp including a negative of a periodic grating pattern on a first surface; forming an ink by applying a polymer film to the stamp, the ink including a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the first surface of the ink contacts the first surface of the stamp such that the ink retains a positive of the periodic grating pattern; placing the ink and the stamp on a substrate such that the second surface of the ink contacts an upper surface of the substrate; and removing the stamp from the ink by applying a tensional force to one edge of the stamp.

Abstract: Disclosed are example methods and devices for detecting one or more targets. An example method includes placing a sample including a first target with in a microfluidic device and hybridizing a plurality of copies of the first target with a plurality of nanostructures. The example method includes applying an electric current to the plurality of nanostructures and using an electric field created by the electric current to move the plurality of nanostructures. In addition, the plurality of nanostructures are sorted and evaluated to determine at least one of a presence, an absence, or a quantity of the first target.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for sequencing a species of nucleic acid template using pH inert reference sensors is described that comprises the steps of: introducing a nucleotide species to an array of wells where a plurality of the wells comprise a species of nucleic acid template and a plurality of the wells comprise a plurality of functional groups with a high pH buffering characteristic, and in at least a first well a polymerase species incorporates the nucleotide species into a plurality of strands complementary to the species of nucleic acid template disposed in the first well and results in a release of a plurality of hydrogen ions; detecting a signal in the first well that is responsive to the hydrogen ions and one or more noise sources; detecting a signal in a second well comprising the functional groups with the high pH buffering characteristic that is responsive to the one or more noise sources; and subtracting the second well signal from the first well signal to generate a corrected signal associated

Abstract: A microchamber electrochemical cell and method of using the cell for performing quantitative analysis of various charged macromolecules is presented. The microchamber electrochemical cell includes a substrate, opposing electrodes and at least one nanoslot. The substrate is configured to define a pair of opposing fluid reservoirs. The pair of opposing electrodes are respectively positioned within the opposing fluid reservoirs. Each nanoslot is configured to fluidly connect the opposing fluid reservoirs together. The opposing fluid reservoirs of the microchamber electrochemical cell are fluidly connected to each other only through each nanoslot. Each nanoslot is physically restricted to less than 500 nanometers. One method includes the steps of coupling, filling, measuring, obtaining, performing and preparing.

Abstract: Disclosed are example methods and devices for detecting one or more targets. An example method includes placing a sample including a first target with in a microfluidic device and hybridizing a plurality of copies of the first target with a plurality of nanostructures. The example method includes applying an electric current to the plurality of nanostructures and using an electric field created by the electric current to move the plurality of nanostructures. In addition, the plurality of nanostructures are sorted and evaluated to determine at least one of a presence, an absence, or a quantity of the first target.