Abstract: Cellulosic material is delignified with oxygen previously dissolved into a fresh alkaline aqueous medium, all of the oxygen contacting said cellulosic material being introduced into said cellulosic material by said alkaline aqueous medium containing oxygen dissolved therein and the cellulosic material consistency during delignification being such as to form an agglomeration of said cellulosic material and alkaline aqueous medium in the form of a layer without any gaseous space therein.

Abstract: A process for preparing pulp in a closed system by pre-cooking fibrous raw material in an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as the only alkaline ingredients at 90.degree.-190.degree. C, defibrating the pre-cooked material, pulping the defibrated material in an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as the only alkaline ingredients in a pressurized vessel at 90.degree.-170.degree. C in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, subjecting waste liquor discharged from the pre-cooking and pulping steps to wet combustion to recover an alkaline aqueous substance and recycling the alkaline aqueous substance resulting from combustion to the pre-cooking and/or pulping steps.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved recovery method of chemicals from waste liquor of pulping or bleaching. More particularly, this invention relates to a method for direct recovery of sodium hydroxide from waste liquor of pulping or bleaching which is substantially free from sulfur compounds. Ferric oxide is admixed with concentrated waste liquor and thereafter the admixture is burned to form a smelt. By submerging the smelt in hot water a solution of sodium hydroxide and a ferric oxide precipitate are obtained. The precipitated ferric oxide can be reused in the mixing step.