Abstract: The inventive control system can be built using different measurement units and control units. What units are used for building the control system depends on the wastewater treatment plant. This kind of system structure makes it possible to construct a control system that suits for a specific wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, the invention makes it possible to build a control system for different wastewater treatment plants, in such a way that the wastewater plant operates more efficiently.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating wastewater in an activated sludge process, which comprises a biological treatment step followed by a sedimentation step for separation of sludge and treated effluent water. The method comprises directing a part of the treated effluent water as a backflow from the sedimentation step to the biological treatment step, the backflow having an original pH value; adjusting the backflow pH from the original pH value to a first pH value between the sedimentation step and the biological treatment step, and adding a coagulant and/or an oxidant to the backflow after the adjustment of the backflow pH to the first pH value and before backflow's entry to the biological treatment step.

Abstract: A treatment system for removing dissolved organic compounds from wastewater, which comprises a water-soluble cationic polymer, and wood-based organic material having an average particle size <10 mm. The invention relates also use of said treatment system for COD removal in the treatment of wastewaters, and a method for removing dissolved organic compounds from wastewater.

Abstract: A method for removing biologically recalcitrant soluble organic compounds from wastewater simultaneously in an activated sludge process comprising an aeration tank and a solid-liquid separation unit, in which method at least one Al and/or Fe based inorganic metal coagulant is added to the wastewater in the activated sludge process and/or prior to conveying wastewater to an activated sludge process.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for monitoring and controlling treatment of a waste water stream. The method includes measuring UV absorbance of a waste water influent and/or waste water effluent, measuring turbidity of the waste water influent and/or waste water effluent, and determining the concentration of dissolved organics in the waste water influent and/or waste water effluent based on the measured UV absorbance. The method includes controlling the dosing of at least one coagulant to the waste water influent based on the measured UV absorbance and/or the determined concentration of the dissolved organics, and optionally based on the measured turbidity, and optionally controlling the dosing of at least one flocculant to the waste water influent based on the measured turbidity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of ?10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of ?50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating primary sludge in a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of admixing an organic coagulant and/or polymer to wastewater; allowing a primary treatment of the wastewater in the presence of the organic coagulant or polymer; separating solids as a primary sludge from said primary treatment; and dewatering the primary sludge. The present invention further relates to a method of improving primary sludge dewaterability and improving energy balance of a wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: A method for removing humic substances comprising lignin, other lignin type compounds and their disintegration products from an aqueous alkaline waste water from a bleaching of chemical pulp, which method comprises —obtaining an aqueous alkaline waste water comprising humic substances such as dissolved lignin, and —adding a high cationic starch having a charge density value of at least 1.8 meq/g dry matter of starch derivates determined at pH 7-7.5 to the alkaline waste water to precipitate humic substances.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for recovering phosphates from wastewater by adding to the wastewater at least one organic coagulant or polymer in a mechanical treatment step that leaves dissolved phosphorus in the water phase, separating a mechanical sludge from the treated wastewater, preferably by sedimentation, flotation or filtration, carrying the phosphorus-containing treated wastewater in a post-treatment step, where at least one chemical precipitant is added to precipitate the dissolved phosphate into solid phosphates, and separating the solid phosphates from the treated wastewater to recover the phosphates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treatment of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor comprising a mixture of inorganic coagulants and organic water soluble polymer(s), wherein the inorganic coagulants are selected from iron and/or aluminium containing compounds and the organic water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic polymers, polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds and any combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a method for treating of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating primary sludge in a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of admixing an organic coagulant and/or polymer to wastewater; allowing a primary treatment of the wastewater in the presence of the organic coagulant or polymer; separating solids as a primary sludge from said primary treatment; and dewatering the primary sludge. The present invention further relates to a method of improving primary sludge dewaterability and improving energy balance of a wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for recovering phosphates from wastewater by adding to the wastewater at least one organic coagulant or polymer in a mechanical treatment step that leaves dissolved phosphorus in the water phase, separating a mechanical sludge from the treated wastewater, preferably by sedimentation, flotation or filtration, carrying the phosphorus-containing treated wastewater in a post-treatment step, where at least one chemical precipitant is added to precipitate the dissolved phosphate into solid phosphates, and separating the solid phosphates from the treated wastewater to recover the phosphates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of ?10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of ?50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell, which comprises a cell reactor, a cathode arranged on a cathode side of the cell reactor, and an anode arranged on an anode side of the cell reactor. The cathode and anode are connected with each other through an external circuit. Further the cell reactor comprises a proton permeable membrane, which is arranged between the anode and cathode, and which divides the cell reactor into the anode side and the cathode side. The membrane comprises a membrane core having a pore size of ?10 nm and/or divalent rejection ?50% and a hydrophilic polymeric surface layer on at least one side of the membrane core and attached permanently to the membrane core. The invention relates also to the use of the microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treatment of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor comprising a mixture of inorganic coagulants and organic water soluble polymer(s), wherein the inorganic coagulants are selected from iron and/or aluminium containing compounds and the organic water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic polymers, polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds and any combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a method for treating of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for optimising material recovery in a chemical pulping process. The method comprises treating of cellulosic raw material with cooking chemicals in a cooking step, where lignin is at least partly dissolved into cooking liquid phase and separated from fibres. The lignin is separated from the cooking liquid phase. The separated lignin is used for formation of a treatment composition comprising at the most 1 weight-% of aluminium. A bleaching liquid phase is treated with the treatment composition in order to remove organic humic substances from the bleaching liquid. Organic sludge is formed and it is used for energy production in a chemical recovery step.

Abstract: A method for removing humic substances comprising lignin, other lignin type compounds and their disintegration products from an aqueous alkaline waste water from a bleaching of chemical pulp, which method comprises—obtaining an aqueous alkaline waste water comprising humic substances such as dissolved lignin, and—adding a high cationic starch having a charge density value of at least 1.8 meq/g dry matter of starch derivates determined at pH 7-7.5 to the alkaline waste water to precipitate humic substances.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane suitable for use in an electrochemical cell is described. It comprises a polymer electrolyte body and at least one metal oxide thin film layer on at least one surface of the polymer electrolyte body, wherein said metal oxide thin film layer is permeable to protons. Furthermore, the method for preparation and uses thereof are disclosed.