Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a charging, a charge power supply to supply a charging bias to the charging device, a developing device, a toner adhesion amount detector, an environment detector, and a controller to determine whether to execute a charging bias adjustment process in which the charging device charges the image bearer to have different potentials, the developing device supplies the toner to the image bearer according to the different potentials, the toner adhesion amount detector detects the amount of toner adhering to the image bearer, and the controller adjusts the charging. The controller includes a memory device to store the environment data, and is configured to compare the environment data with previous environment data stored in the memory device, and determine not to execute the charging bias adjustment process when an environment change amount is not greater than a threshold.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a charging, a charge power supply to supply a charging bias to the charging device, a developing device, a toner adhesion amount detector, an environment detector, and a controller to determine whether to execute a charging bias adjustment process in which the charging device charges the image bearer to have different potentials, the developing device supplies the toner to the image bearer according to the different potentials, the toner adhesion amount detector detects the amount of toner adhering to the image bearer, and the controller adjusts the charging. The controller includes a memory device to store the environment data, and is configured to compare the environment data with previous environment data stored in the memory device, and determine not to execute the charging bias adjustment process when an environment change amount is not greater than a threshold.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer to rotate, an image forming unit including a charger and a developing device, a charge power supply to output a charging bias applied to a charger, a transfer device, a toner adhesion amount, and a controller. The controller causes the image forming unit to form a background fog pattern in a background area of the latent image bearer while changing a background potential, acquires toner adhesion amount values detected at different positions of the background fog pattern, having different potentials, sorts the toner adhesion amount values in an order of the background potential, determines a relation between the background potential and background fog amount based the toner adhesion amount values except any toner adhesion amount value out of monotonicity, and adjust the charging bias to an optimum value computed based on the determined relation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer to rotate, an image forming unit including a charger and a developing device, a charge power supply to output a charging bias applied to a charger, a transfer device, a toner adhesion amount, and a controller. The controller causes the image forming unit to form a background fog pattern in a background area of the latent image bearer while changing a background potential, acquires toner adhesion amount values detected at different positions of the background fog pattern, having different potentials, sorts the toner adhesion amount values in an order of the background potential, determines a relation between the background potential and background fog amount based the toner adhesion amount values except any toner adhesion amount value out of monotonicity, and adjust the charging bias to an optimum value computed based on the determined relation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of screening for a compound that enhances or inhibits the transport activity of OATP1B1, using dichlorofluorescein. The present invention also provides a use of dichlorofluorescein in measurement of the expression level of OATP1B1. The present invention further provides a method for measuring the expression level of OATP1B1 in test cells, using dichlorofluorescein. The present invention further provides a use of a kit including dichlorofluorescein and positive cells expressing OATP1B1 in measurement of the expression level of OATP1B1 in test cells.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula (I) [R1 and R2 are amino groups that substitute at adjacent positions on the benzene ring; R3 and R4 are halogen atoms; R5 and R6 represent hydrogen atom, an acyl group or an acyloxy(C1-6 alkyl) group; R7 and R8 represent —(CH2)p—N(R9)(R10) (p is 1 to 4, and R9 and R10 represent —(CH2)n—COOH (n is 1 to 4))], which is useful for measuring a reactive nitrogen species existing in cells such as nitrogen monoxide or peroxynitrite at high sensitivity over a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of screening for a compound that enhances or inhibits the transport activity of OATP1B1, using dichlorofluorescein. The present invention also provides a use of dichlorofluorescein in measurement of the expression level of OATP1B1. The present invention further provides a method for measuring the expression level of OATP1B1 in test cells, using dichlorofluorescein. The present invention further provides a use of a kit including dichlorofluorescein and positive cells expressing OATP1B1 in measurement of the expression level of OATP1B1 in test cells.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) (R1 represents an aryl group such as hydroxyphenyl group, R2 represents 2-carboxyphenyl group etc., and R3 and R4 represent —(CH2)p—N(R5)(R6) (R5 and R6 represent —(CH2)n—COOH), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, which is useful as a reagent for highly sensitive measurement of reactive oxygen such as hydroxy radical present at a trace amount in living bodies or tissues by a bioimaging technique over a long period of time.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula (I) [R1 and R2 are amino groups that substitute at adjacent positions on the benzene ring; R3 and R4 are halogen atoms; R5 and R6 represent hydrogen atom, an acyl group or an acyloxy(C1-6 alkyl) group; R7 and R8 represent —(CH2)p—N(R9)(R10) (p is 1 to 4, and R9 and R10 represent —(CH2)n—COOH (n is 1 to 4))], which is useful for measuring a reactive nitrogen species existing in cells such as nitrogen monoxide or peroxynitrite at high sensitivity over a long period of time.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) (R1 represents an aryl group such as hydroxyphenyl group, R2 represents 2-carboxyphenyl group etc., and R3 and R4 represent —(CH2)p—N(R5)(R6) (R5 and R6 represent —(CH2)n—COOH), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, which is useful as a reagent for highly sensitive measurement of reactive oxygen such as hydroxy radical present at a trace amount in living bodies or tissues by a bioimaging technique over a long period of time.