Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing mixtures of carboxylic acids obtained as hydrolysis products of suberin and cutin, particularly suberin and cutin isolated from birch bark, to give mono-, oligo- and polyesters, or corresponding ester-ethers, as well as the use of the products thus obtained as lubricants, fuel components, plasticizers, surface active agents, environmentally friendly agents for modifying wood, binders in coatings, adhesives, printing inks and composites, further in various cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to natural fatty acid based hybride resin, modified with reactive monomers, and to a method for preparing it. The invention also relates to the use of the modified natural fatty acid based hybride resin as binding agent especially in water based coatings, glues and composites, and as environmentally friendly wood impregnating agent. The modified natural fatty acid based hybride resin comprises the condensation product of natural fatty acid or natural fatty acid ester, modified with di- or oligo-carboxylic acid or anhydride or half ester, and natural fatty acid based alkyd resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to compouns derived from betulin, and to the use thereof as antibacterial agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries comprising betulonic acid for humans and animals, and further, to the use of betulonic acid in compositions of cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The invention is also directed to compositions containing, besides betulonic acid, optionally other compounds derived from betulin.

Abstract: The invention relates to natural fatty acid based hybride resins, which have been modified with reactive monomers, such as acrylates, and especially to their use as binding agents and compatibilisators in combination products such as composites, as well as to composites containing them and to a method for the manufacture of the composites. The combination product comprises 1-50 weight-%, calculated from the dry matter, of a natural fatty acid based acrylate hybride resin, either as such or as an aqueous emulsion, and 99-50 weight-% of cellulose, wood, linen, hemp, starch or other natural fibre material or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to acrylate modified, natural fatty acid based hybride polymers, and to a method for their preparation. The invention also relates to the use of the modified natural fatty acid based hybride polymers as binding agents especially in water based coatings, adhesives and composites and as environmentally friendly wood impregnating agents. The acrylate-modified natural fatty acid based hybride polymer is a block polymer formed of acrylate segments and fatty acid segments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing mixtures of carboxylic acids obtained as hydrolysis products of suberin and cutin, particularly suberin and cutin isolated from birch bark, to give oligo- and polyesters, or corresponding ester-ethers, as well as the use of the products thus obtained as lubricants, fuel components, plasticizers, surface active agents, environmentally friendly agents for modifying wood, binders in coatings, adhesives, printing inks and composites, further in various cosmetic applications.

Abstract: This invention covers a novel process for the preparation of carnitine esters of starch and other hydroxy polymers from ?-lactone of carnitine and their use as additives in the manufacture of paper, paperboard or cardboard, in waste water treatment, as a textile sizing agent and in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to oligo/polysuccinimides prepared from alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride, containing two or more imide groups, a method for producing such oligo-polysuccinimides, and the use thereof as dispersing agents in lubricant products, plasticizers in plastics, surface sizes for paper industry, reactive additives, for coating and composite applications, as well as encapsulating agents in pharmaceutical and speciality chemical products. In the method, a linear or branched C4–C24 alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride is reacted with an oligoamine having two or more primary amino groups to obtain the corresponding oligo/polysuccinimide.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a paint composition which comprises a binder, a coalescent agent and optionally admixtures and auxiliary agents known per se. The film forming agent comprises a glycidyl ether or glycidyl ester or a mixture thereof, the hydrocarbyl residue of the alcohol or carboxylic acid, respectively, of the ether or ester comprising a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The invention further concerns a method of accelerating the hardening of paint compositions and a novel method of preparing glycidyl esters. The film forming agents used in the invention lower the film forming temperature better than conventional reactive film forming agents. Due to low volatility the compounds are suitable for no-VOC applications.

Abstract: The invention is directed to oligo/polysuccinimides prepared from alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride, containing two or more imide groups, a method for producing such oligo-polysuccinimides, and the use thereof as dispersing agents in lubricant products, plasticizers in plastics, surface sizes for paper industry, reactive additives, for coating and composite applications, as well as encapsulating agents in pharmaceutical and speciality chemical products. In the method, a linear or branched C4-C24 alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride is reacted with an oligoamine having two or more primary amino groups to obtain the corresponding oligo/polysuccinimide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for manufacturing polyol complex esters. According to the method, a polyol, such as BEPD or NPG, is reacted with mono- and polyvalent acids in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction blend containing complex esters. According to the invention the acid components of the reaction blend are neutralized with a tertiary amine, and the complex esters are recovered from the thus treated reaction blend. The basic amines that are used form salt-like compounds with the carboxylic acids. The compounds enter the aqueous phase, from which they are easily separated, whereby the complex esters are recovered with high yield.

Abstract: The invention is related to a process for making 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene from p-xylene and 1- or 2-butene or butadiene via 1-(p-tolyl)-2-methylbutane or 1-(p-tolyl)-2-methylbutane. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene can be used for making polyethylenenaphthalate.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkene-substituted cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides which are formed from the reaction of a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, including succinic anhydride, and an olefin blend. The olefin blend is made up of internal linear and branched olefins and linear and/or branched .alpha.-olefins, in which blend the olefins contain 13-25 carbon atoms. The alkene-substituted cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride can be used for the preparation of an ASA sizing agent suitable for paper sizing.

Abstract: The invention relates to the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers, in particular elastomeric polymers which contain aromatic rings and carbon-carbon double rings, for example polymers prepared from styrene and butadiene. In this case, the polymer molecule contains internal and terminal-group double bonds, as well as unsaturated bonds in aromatic rings. According to the invention, only the unsaturated terminal and internal bonds are hydrogenated, whereby the thermal and weather resistance properties of the product are improved. Conventionally, hydrogenation has been performed by means of nickel or cobalt catalysts, but now it has been observed that a metallocene/alumoxane catalyst complex not only catalyzes the polymerization reaction of various olefinic compounds but also catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers, preferably styrene-butadiene-styrene block polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N acyl and O acyl derivatives of N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine which are produced as follows: ammonium halide, sulphate or aldehyde, and isobutyl aldehyde are subjected to condensation reaction and the obtained product is reduced to the corresponding amino alcohol. The hydrogen atoms linked to the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom are thereafter substituted by acyl groups. The N-acylation and esterification of hydroxyl groups can be performed simultaneously using a carboxyl acid, carboxyl acid halide, or carboxyl acid anhydride. The N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine derivatives can be used as polymer stabilizers, PCV plasticizers, emulsifiers, corrosion resistance agents, and metal complexing agents.

Abstract: In producing lubricants by oligomerizing alpha-olefins with the aid of a catalyst of a BF.sub.3 and alcohol or carboxylic acid cocatalyst, the utilized catalyst complex can be recovered by distillation and reused as catalyst in a similar oligomerizing process.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a catalyst system for selective alkylation of toluene with propylene. The catalyst system contains metallic sodium on a K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 carrier and transition metal oxide, which advantageously is CeO.sub.2, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, as promoter. The invention also concerns a procedure for selective alkylation of toluene with propylene in the presence of a catalyst system.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for manufacturing short-chain linear .alpha.-olefines, in particular 1-butylene, selectively from ethylene. A nickel chelate in which the ligand is diphenyl (2-carboxymethyl) phosphine, diphenyl (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine, or an alkali metal salt of these, or an alkali metal salt of diphenyl (2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine, with or without a promoter, is used for a catalyst.

Abstract: A procedure for producing hydroquinone from a hydrocarbon mixture obtained as a by-product when producing cumene, by selectively oxidizing tertiary alkylaromatics to form hydroperoxides, by separating the dihydroperoxide of p-diisopropylbenzene from the oxidation product by selective crystallization through cooling, and by decomposing the dihydroperoxide of p-diisopropylbenzene with the aid of an acid catalyst to form the hydroquinone.