Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring flow parameters of an unknown fluid uses four pressure sensors at fixed, spaced locations within a cylindrical member having a constricted and a full diameter portion. The constricted portion has a smooth surface of transition at its entry, internal corrugations, and a sharp increase to the full diameter at its exit. There are no moving parts. All flow parameters can be calculated from the four pressure measurements taken at the entry and exit of the constricted portion and two aligned but separated locations spaced from the sharp increase to full diameter.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating materials, such as solid, particulate material, wherein the particulate material is introduced into a heat transfer medium, the density of such medium being different from that of the particulate material and the temperature of such medium being higher than that of the particulate material when so introduced. The particulate material, the individual particles of which are preferably introduced separately, travels through the medium and becomes heated thereby to a generally flowable state. The flowable particles of the particulate material thereupon leave the fluid and coalesce to form a flowable mass thereof external to the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A fluid delivery and mixing method and apparatus for mixing at least two fluids wherein the fluids are stored under pressure in separate accumulators and are supplied substantially simultaneously to a mixing chamber, the pressure decay characteristics of each of the accumulators being controlled to have substantially the same shape. The characteristics of the fluid components, the size of the input ports to the mixing chamber and the pre-determined pressures to which the fluids in the accumulators are charged being selected so that the ratio of the flow rates by weight of the fluids at the input ports is a constant and so that the momenta of the fluids at the input ports are equal.