Abstract: A continuous process for preparing alkoxylated alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates which comprises reacting in the presence of water a mixture of an alkali metal sulfide and bisulfite with a mixture of alkoxylated glycidyl ethers comprising a major quantity of a ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about eight to twenty carbon atoms, R' is H or methyl, n is an average integer value of 1 to about 12 to obtain alkoxylated sulfonated product having as a major quantity of the alkoxylated product ##STR2## at an elevated temperatures of at least 125.degree. C., a pressure sufficient to maintain the reaction mass liquid at the reaction temperature and at least 20 wt % of the reaction mass as sulfonated product.

Abstract: An apparatus for making soap comprising, an extruder having a helical screw for passing the soap and forming an extrudate adjacent a downstream portion of the extruder, and a device for working or kneading the extrudate to remove residual screw lines and prevent cracking of soap formed from the extrudate.

Abstract: A continuous extraction apparatus and a continuous extraction process for extracting an extractable component of a liquid or particulate feed material with an immiscible liquid solvent for the extractable component thereof, which apparatus and process are both especially useful for extracting glycerine from soap, utilize an extraction column with oscillatably movable contact promoting means therein which move in a horizontal plane and have openings therein through which the immiscible feed and the extracting liquid, in different phases, may pass during oscillations, at which time the contact promoting means make repeated contacts with the different phases to renew contact surfaces of the liquids and to bring them into intimate contact with each other, whereby extraction of extractable material from the feed by the extracting liquid is promoted.

Abstract: A continuous extraction apparatus and a continuous extraction process for extracting an extractable component of a liquid or particulate feed material with an immiscible liquid solvent for the extractable component thereof, which apparatus and process are both especially useful for extracting glycerine from soap, utilize an extraction column with oscillatably movable contact promoting means therein which move in a horizontal plane and have openings therein through which the immiscible feed and the extracting liquid, in different phases, may pass during oscillations, at which time the contact promoting means make repeated contacts with the different phases to renew contact surfaces of the liquids and to bring them into intimate contact with each other, whereby extraction of extractable material from the feed by the extracting liquid is promoted.

Abstract: A process for neutralizing an organic sulfuric or sulfonic detergent acid, e.g., lauryl sulfuric acid or mixture of such acids, in liquid state, with a liquid solution or slurry of neutralizing agent of a low moisture content is conducted in a wiped film neutralizing reactor wherein a film of the organic acid(s) and neutralizing agent(s) is formed on an internal wall of the reactor, which wall (with the film) is continuously wiped during the neutralization reaction by a wall scraper or a plurality of scrapers which also agitate the reactants, whereby there is produced a pumpable aqueous slurry, having a high concentration of the detergent salt solids which is above a gel region which prevents the concentration of such detergents made by other processes that produce lower detergent concentrations. During the reaction, which is usually preferably conducted under vacuum, the heat generated is removed, usually by evaporation of water, so as to maintain a desirable temperature for the neutralization.

Abstract: Free oil, often an objectionable impurity in synthetic organic detergents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, is removed from aqueous solutions by extraction thereof with hexane in the presence of lower alkanol, with the proportion of the alkanol present being in a relatively narrow range with respect to the sodium lauryl sulfate, in which range it helps to promote efficient extraction of the free oil by the hexane without solubilizing the hexane in the aqueous medium to such an extent as to result in an extracted detergent containing an unacceptably high proportion of hexane. Separation of the free oil from the aqueous detergent solution is effected in an extractor, to which the hexane is added, in mixture with a minor proportion of lower alkanol, normally isopropanol, and extraction of the free oil takes place after a preliminary mixing of isopropanol with detergent acid or neutralized base in a neutralization vessel and/or in a mixer upstream of the extractor.

Abstract: Free oil, often an objectionable impurity in synthetic organic detergents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, is removed from aqueous solutions by extraction thereof with hexane in the presence of lower alkanol, with the proportion of the alkanol present being in a relatively narrow range with respect to the sodium lauryl sulfate, in which range it helps to promote efficient extraction of the free oil by the hexane without solubilizing the hexane in the aqueous medium to such an extent as to result in an extracted detergent containing an unacceptably high proportion of hexane. Separation of the free oil from the aqueous detergent solution is effected in an extractor, to which the hexane is added, in mixture with a minor proportion of lower alkanol, normally isopropanol, and extraction of the free oil takes place after a preliminary mixing of isopropanol with detergent acid or neutralized base in a neutralization vessel and/or in a mixer upstream of the extractor.