Abstract: An electrically conductive structure including a substrate material and graphene. A first cross-section taken along an axial direction of the electrically conductive structure includes a plurality of layers of the substrate material and at least one internal layer of the graphene alternatingly disposed between the plurality of layers of the substrate material. A method of tailoring an amount of graphene in an electrically conductive structure is also included.

Abstract: An apparatus system and method for an electronic component made with additive manufacturing processes and a foil substrate is provided. The electronic component may include one or more foil substrates and one or more elements. The elements may be produced by an additive manufacturing process. Moreover, the elements may be produced in the same plane or out of plain with one or more foil substrates. The elements may also be various structures, including, for example, connectors, electrical components (e.g., a resistor, a capacitor, a switch, and/or the like), and/or any other suitable electrical elements and/or structures.

Abstract: A heating circuit assembly and method of manufacture includes an electrically conductive heating element having a pattern. An electrically non-conductive substrate is additive manufactured and secured to the element for structural support. The substrate has a topology that generally aligns with the pattern of the element thereby reducing the assembly weight and minimizing substrate material waste.

Abstract: A method for fabricating printed electronics includes printing a trace of an electrical component on a first substrate to form a first layer. The method further includes printing a trace of an electrical component on at least one additional substrate to form at least one additional layer. The first layer is stacked with the at least one additional layer to create an assembled electrical device. At least one of the layers is modified after printing.

Abstract: A method for fabricating printed electronics and optical components includes printing a trace of electrically conductive, semiconductive or insulating material on a substrate and shrinking the substrate to a target size. The material can include an ink, solution, dispersion, powder, slurry, paste or the like. The step of shrinking can include heating the substrate at a predetermined temperature based on properties of the substrate. The step of shrinking can also include heating the substrate for a predetermined duration based on properties of the substrate. The step of shrinking can also include releasing an external electrical potential used to stretch the substrate during printing. For example, the substrate may decrease in area by at least fifty percent during heating.

Abstract: A composite material includes a graphene-filler composite and method of manufacturing.

Abstract: An encoder assembly (36) is disclosed. The encoder assembly comprises a motor (26) having a rotor (32), and an encoder (36). The encoder (36) comprises an encoder wheel (38) axially coupled to the rotor (32), a first sensor (46a) configured to detect a first velocity at which a portion of the encoder wheel (38) moves relative to the first sensor (46a), and a second sensor (46b) configured to detect a second velocity at which a portion of the encoder wheel (38) moves relative to the second sensor (46b), the first sensor (46a) and the second sensor (46b) positioned approximately 180 degrees apart from each other about an axis of rotation of the rotor (32).

Abstract: An illustrated example ionization device includes a pyroelectric electron accelerator that causes electrons to move away from the accelerator. A silicon target is positioned in a path of the electrons. X-ray radiation results from the electrons colliding with the target. In one example embodiment, the electrons moving between the accelerator and the target have energy up to 60 KeV and the target attenuates the energy so that the x-ray radiation has energy between 1 KeV and 3 KeV.

Abstract: An encoder assembly is disclosed. The encoder assembly comprises a motor having a rotor, and an encoder. The encoder comprises an encoder wheel axially coupled to the rotor, a first sensor configured to detect a first velocity at which a portion of the encoder wheel moves relative to the first sensor, and a second sensor configured to detect a second velocity at which a portion of the encoder wheel moves relative to the second sensor, the first sensor and the second sensor positioned approximately 180 degrees apart from each other about an axis of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on an aluminum alloy substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the aluminum alloy substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and applying an electrical potential bias to the aluminum alloy substrate with respect to its equilibrium potential to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the aluminum alloy substrate. A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on a metal substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the metal substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and modulating an electrical potential difference between the metal substrate and the counter electrode to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: An electrically conductive structure including a substrate material and graphene. A first cross-section taken along an axial direction of the electrically conductive structure includes a plurality of layers of the substrate material and at least one internal layer of the graphene alternatingly disposed between the plurality of layers of the substrate material. A method of tailoring an amount of graphene in an electrically conductive structure is also included.

Abstract: An exemplary ionization window assembly includes a support layer having a thickness between a first side and a second side. There is at least one opening in the support layer extending between the first and second sides. The opening has a first width dimension near the first side of the support layer and a second, larger width dimension near the second side of the support layer. A window layer is supported on the second side of the support layer. The window layer extends across the opening to allow ionizing radiation to pass through the opening in a direction from the first side toward the second side.

Abstract: An improvement in apparatus and methods of making electrical machines, utilizing a combination of additive manufacturing techniques to create, in particular, small, high efficiency stators, but also useful for making complex rotor structures.

Abstract: An exemplary detector includes a source of radiation. A detection chamber is configured to at least temporarily contain a fluid. At least some of the radiation ionizes at least some of the fluid. At least some of the radiation produces light in the detection chamber. An ionization sensor provides an output corresponding to an amount of fluid ionization in the detection chamber. A light sensor provides an output corresponding to an amount of the light detected by the light sensor.

Abstract: An exemplary ionization device includes a pyroelectric electron accelerator that causes electrons to move away from the accelerator. A silicon target is positioned in a path of the electrons. X-ray radiation results from the electrons colliding with the target.

Abstract: An exemplary ionization window assembly includes a support layer having a thickness between a first side and a second side. There is at least one opening in the support layer extending between the first and second sides. The opening has a first width dimension near the first side of the support layer and a second, larger width dimension near the second side of the support layer. A window layer is supported on the second side of the support layer. The window layer extends across the opening to allow ionizing radiation to pass through the opening in a direction from the first side toward the second side.