Abstract: A urea separation apparatus is described herein. In an embodiment, the urea separation apparatus includes a blood compartment that is a part of an extracorporeal circuit fluidly connected to a patient and configured to receive blood of the patient. The apparatus also includes a waste membrane enclosing the blood compartment that is configured to filter waste from the blood. The apparatus further includes a dialysis fluid compartment located on an opposite side of the waste membrane from the blood compartment. The dialysis fluid compartment includes dialysis fluid that absorbs the waste from the waste membrane. The apparatus moreover includes a charged membrane enclosing the dialysis fluid compartment. The charged membrane is configured to filter at least a portion of the waste from the dialysis fluid. Additionally, the apparatus includes a urea compartment that circulates secondary fluid for absorbing the portion of the waste from the charged membrane.

Abstract: A system and method for balancing flows of renal replacement fluid is disclosed. The method uses pressure controls and pressure sensing devices to more precisely meter and balance the flow of fresh dialysate and spent dialysate. The balancing system may use one or two balancing devices, such as a balance tube, a tortuous path, or a balance chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

Abstract: A dialysis system for determining an amount of total chlorine in a partially purified water sample is disclosed. The system includes a water machine that produces at least partially purified water including an at least partially purified water sample and a dialysis machine that provides a dialysis treatment to a patient. The dialysis machine receives the at least partially purified water from the water machine to prepare dialysis fluid for the dialysis treatment. The system also includes a total chlorine detector configured to receive the at least partially purified water sample, at a first time apply a source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample, and at a second time stop applying the source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample and instead monitor a sensed electrical parameter to determine an amount of total chlorine in the at least partially purified water sample.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for regenerating used dialysis fluid are described herein. In an embodiment, a regenerative dialysis fluid system includes a dialysis unit configured to generate used dialysis fluid including urea, a urea separation unit configured to separate at least a portion of the urea from the used dialysis fluid into a secondary fluid, and a urea removal unit configured to remove at least a portion of the urea from the secondary fluid and return the secondary fluid to the urea separation unit. In an embodiment, the urea separation unit includes a membrane separating a dialysis fluid chamber from a urea chamber, the membrane including at least one of: (i) a positive charge to prevent positive ions from transporting across the membrane; and (ii) a negative charge to prevent negative ions from transporting across the membrane.

Abstract: A method of cleaning used dialysis fluid having urea to produce a cleaned dialysis fluid, the method including passing the used dialysis fluid having urea through a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell, the cell including (i) a first set of electrodes for separation of the used dialysis fluid having urea into an acid stream and a basic stream, wherein the first set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; (ii) one or more second set of electrodes positioned to contact the basic stream with an electrocatalytic surface for decomposition of urea via electrooxidation, wherein the one or more second set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; and (iii) at least one power source to provide the first and second sets of electrodes with an electrical charge to activate the electrocatalytic surface.

Abstract: A method of providing a plurality of filled product bags of sterile fluid includes positioning a bag assembly onto a filling machine. The bag assembly includes a tube, a filter assembly, bladders, and stems. A stem is attached to a bladder, forms a fluid passageway, fluidly connects to the tube, and provides fluid communication into the bladders. The method includes fluidly coupling an inlet of the filter assembly to a connection line in fluid communication with a fluid source, and filling the bag assembly with a fluid. Filling the bag assembly includes passing the fluid through the filter assembly, the fluid passageway, and into the bladder. The method includes sealing the fluid passageway at a location between the tube and the bladders. The method includes cutting the stem to form a partially filled product bag having the sealed passageway. The method includes performing an integrity test on the filter assembly.

Abstract: Methods, sorbent cartridges and cleaning devices are disclosed for refurbishing sorbent materials. In one implementation among multiple implementations, a medical fluid delivery method includes: providing a sorbent cartridge including H+ZP within a casing for a treatment; and after the treatment, refurbishing the H+ZP while maintained within the casing via (i) regenerating the non-disinfected H+ZP by flowing an acid solution through the casing, (ii) rinsing the regenerated H+ZP while maintained within the casing, (iii) disinfecting the regenerated and rinsed H+ZP by flowing a disinfecting agent through the casing, and (iv) rinsing the regenerated and disinfected H+ZP while maintained within the casing. Multiple batch sorbent refubishing implementations are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, sorbent cartridges and cleaning devices are disclosed for refurbishing sorbent materials. In one implementation among multiple implementations, a medical fluid delivery method includes: providing a sorbent cartridge including H+ZP within a casing for a treatment; and after the treatment, refurbishing the H+ZP while maintained within the casing via (i) regenerating the non-disinfected H+ZP by flowing an acid solution through the casing, (ii) rinsing the regenerated H+ZP while maintained within the casing, (iii) disinfecting the regenerated and rinsed H+ZP by flowing a disinfecting agent through the casing, and (iv) rinsing the regenerated and disinfected H+ZP while maintained within the casing. Multiple batch sorbent refubishing implementations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for balancing flows of renal replacement fluid is disclosed. The method uses pressure controls and pressure sensing devices to more precisely meter and balance the flow of fresh dialysate and spent dialysate. The balancing system may use one or two balancing devices, such as a balance tube, a tortuous path, or a balance chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

Abstract: A method of cleaning used dialysis fluid having urea to produce a cleaned dialysis fluid, the method including passing the used dialysis fluid having urea through a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell, the cell including (i) a first set of electrodes for separation of the used dialysis fluid having urea into an acid stream and a basic stream, wherein the first set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; (ii) one or more second set of electrodes positioned to contact the basic stream with an electrocatalytic surface for decomposition of urea via electrooxidation, wherein the one or more second set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; and (iii) at least one power source to provide the first and second sets of electrodes with an electrical charge to activate the electrocatalytic surface.

Abstract: A method of providing filled product bags of sterile and particulate-free fluid includes securing a product bag to one of a plurality of movable cradles, wherein the product bag has a bladder, a stem fluidly connected to an opening of the bladder, and a filter disposed in-line with the stem. After securing the bag, an inlet of the stem is connected to an outlet of a nozzle assembly and at least partially filling the product bag with a fluid through a nozzle of the nozzle assembly to create a filled product bag, wherein filling the product bag includes passing the fluid through the filter and into the bladder. After filling, the stem of the filled product bag is sealed at a location below the filter. The stem is cut at a location above the seal and below the filter.

Abstract: A gravity fed peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine includes: a frame configured to be set on a supporting surface; at least one load cell; a scale platform supported by the frame via the at least one load cell positioned between the frame and the scale platform; a drain container support in mechanical communication with and extending downwardly from the scale platform, the machine configured such that when the frame is set on the supporting surface, at least one fresh PD fluid supply container is supportable by the scale platform above the at least one load cell and at least one used PD fluid drain container is supportable by the drain container support below the at least one load cell, so that a combined weight of fresh PD fluid and used PD fluid may be sensed by the at least one load cell.

Abstract: A gravity fed peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine includes: a frame configured to be set on a supporting surface; at least one load cell; a scale platform supported by the frame via the at least one load cell positioned between the frame and the scale platform; a drain container support in mechanical communication with and extending downwardly from the scale platform, the machine configured such that when the frame is set on the supporting surface, at least one fresh PD fluid supply container is supportable by the scale platform above the at least one load cell and at least one used PD fluid drain container is supportable by the drain container support below the at least one load cell, so that a combined weight of fresh PD fluid and used PD fluid may be sensed by the at least one load cell.

Abstract: A sterile product bag includes a bladder, a stem, a filter, and a vial adaptor. The bladder has a perimeter seal and defining a sterile chamber. The stem extends through the perimeter seal and has an inlet end outside of the perimeter seal and an outlet end in fluid communication with the chamber. The filter is disposed in line with the stem and has a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 ?m to approximately 0.5 ?m. The filter membrane is shaped as a hollow fiber with a wall and pores residing in the wall of the fiber. The vial adaptor includes a sterile hollow cannula, a sheath, and a peelable closure. The cannula is in fluid communication with the chamber of the bladder. The sheath is disposed outside of the bladder and connected to the hollow cannula. The sheath includes an interior cavity into which the hollow cannula extends. The peelable closure extends across an opening of the sheath to seal the interior cavity.

Abstract: A system for reconstituting and sterilizing a concentrate includes a mixing container, a filtration device, and a product bag. The a mixing container has an inlet port and outlet port in fluid communication with a mixing chamber disposed between the inlet port and the outlet port. The mixing chamber is adapted to contain a product concentrate. The filtration device has an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the filtration device coupled to the outlet port of the mixing container. The filtration device includes a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 ?m to approximately 0.5 ?m. The product bag has an inlet port coupled to the outlet of the filtration device, and has a bladder defining an empty sterile chamber for receiving sterilized and reconstituted product resulting from mixing a diluent with a product concentrate in the mixing chamber to obtain a mixture then introduced through the filtration device to obtain the reconstituted and sterilized product.

Abstract: Compositions for regeneration of spent dialysis fluid are disclosed. The compositions include a sorbent comprising a titanium-glyoxal complex. Sorbent cartridges comprising the sorbents, and methods and systems for using the cartridges in dialysis also are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, sorbent cartridges and cleaning devices are disclosed for refurbishing sorbent materials. In one implementation among multiple implementations, a medical fluid delivery method includes: providing a sorbent cartridge including H+ZP within a casing for a treatment; and after the treatment, refurbishing the H+ZP while maintained within the casing via (i) regenerating the non-disinfected H+ZP by flowing an acid solution through the casing, (ii) rinsing the regenerated H+ZP while maintained within the casing, (iii) disinfecting the regenerated and rinsed H+ZP by flowing a disinfecting agent through the casing, and (iv) rinsing the regenerated and disinfected H+ZP while maintained within the casing. Multiple batch sorbent refurbishing implementations are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, sorbent cartridges and cleaning devices are disclosed for refurbishing sorbent materials. In one implementation among multiple implementations, a medical fluid delivery method includes: providing a sorbent cartridge including H+ZP within a casing for a treatment; and after the treatment, refurbishing the H+ZP while maintained within the casing via (i) regenerating the non-disinfected H+ZP by flowing an acid solution through the casing, (ii) rinsing the regenerated H+ZP while maintained within the casing, (iii) disinfecting the regenerated and rinsed H+ZP by flowing a disinfecting agent through the casing, and (iv) rinsing the regenerated and disinfected H+ZP while maintained within the casing. Multiple batch sorbent refubishing implementations are also disclosed.