Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a home subscriber server (HSS), a mobility management entity (MME), an eNodeB, a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC), and a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC). The DSC may receive resource allocation information from the DPC, and send updated information and instructions to the HSS. The HSS may be configured to receive information from the DSC, detect changes to HSS subscription information (e.g., user profile information), determine whether the changes affect the information managed/stored by an MME component, and send the detected changes to the MME component when the HSS determines that the changes affect the information managed/stored by the MME. The MME component may use the information included in the received messages to add, remove, or modify the MME's stored subscription information or user profile information. The MME component may then communicate these updates, additions, or changes to the HSS component.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. As part of these operations, the DSC may generate a grid-map structure that includes a primary grid structure that identifies telecommunication cells in a geographical area, and monitor the locations of wireless devices with respect to the telecommunication cells of the grid-map structure to determine whether to initiate inter-network handover operations. The DSC may also receive updated information from the monitored wireless devices (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a solid formulation for oral administration as a solid comprising polyethylene glycol and a further solid such as mannitol. The formulation may be used to prevent gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation in healthy subjects. In some embodiments, the solid formulation is chewable or suckable.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DPC and DSC may store DSC context information, and use this information to perform various DSA operations. For example, the DSC may determine whether there is bandwidth available for allocation within cells in a first telecommunication network, generate a resource register request message that identifies the amount of bandwidth that is available, and send the generated resource register request message to the DPC using a DSAAP component/protocol. The DSC may receive the resource register response message and a bid success message via the DSAAP, and send a resources allocated message to the DPC via the DSAAP to commit the requested amount of bandwidth for use by the second telecommunication network.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources across different networks. The DSC component may be configured to receive notice that an eNodeB is congested, identify a geographic boundary area for a bid serviced by the congested eNodeB, generate a list of eligible active wireless devices that are inside the geographic boundary area, determine an available resource of target a eNodeB that services the identified geographic boundary area, select for handin to the target eNodeB wireless devices from the received list of eligible active devices, and send a handin initiate communication message to the target eNodeB servicing the wireless devices that are selected for handin.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC component may include wired or wireless connections to eNodeBs, a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) component/server, and various other network components. The PCRF may be configured to receive eNodeB congestion state information from the eNodeB, information identifying wireless devices attached to the eNodeB, categorize each of the identified wireless devices into a category selected from a plurality of categories, select a subset of the identified wireless devices based on the category into which they are categorized, and perform congestion response operations on the selected wireless devices so as to reduce the congestion of the eNodeB.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DPC and DSC may store DSC context information, and use this information to perform various DSA operations. For example, the DSC may determine whether there is bandwidth available for allocation within cells in a first telecommunication network, generate a resource register request message that identifies the amount of bandwidth that is available, and send the generated resource register request message to the DPC using a DSAAP component/protocol. The DSC may receive the resource register response message and a bid success message via the DSAAP, and send a resources allocated message to the DPC via the DSAAP to commit the requested amount of bandwidth for use by the second telecommunication network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing glucose from a cellulosic biomass using enzymatic hydrolysis. The present invention also relates to a device for performing such method.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC component may include wired or wireless connections to eNodeBs, a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) component/server, and various other network components. The PCRF may be configured to receive eNodeB congestion state information from the eNodeB, information identifying wireless devices attached to the eNodeB, categorize each of the identified wireless devices into a category selected from a plurality of categories, select a subset of the identified wireless devices based on the category into which they are categorized, and perform congestion response operations on the selected wireless devices so as to reduce the congestion of the eNodeB.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DPC and DSC may store DSC context information, and use this information to perform various DSA operations. For example, the DSC may determine whether there is bandwidth available for allocation within cells in a first telecommunication network, generate a resource register request message that identifies the amount of bandwidth that is available, and send the generated resource register request message to the DPC using a DSAAP component/protocol. The DSC may receive the resource register response message and a bid success message via the DSAAP, and send a resources allocated message to the DPC via the DSAAP to commit the requested amount of bandwidth for use by the second telecommunication network.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for activating and deactivating heating or cooling stages of a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit, which includes activating a heating or cooling stage of the HVAC unit based on a determined need for heating or cooling. A monitored temperature is compared with a first temperature setpoint and a monitored on-time of the heating or cooling stage is compared with a first time period setpoint. The heating or cooling stage is deactivated based on the comparison of the monitored temperature with the first temperature setpoint, when the monitored on-time is greater than the first time period setpoint. The monitored temperature is then compared with a second temperature setpoint. The heating or cooling stage is reactivated based on a comparison of the monitored temperature with the second temperature setpoint, when a monitored off-time is greater than the second time period setpoint.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A wireless device may be configured to intelligently select and use these allocated resources. For example, the wireless device may be configured to traverse an ordered list of preferred of networks to identify and select a first cell site in a first telecommunication network, establish a first communication link between the wireless device and the selected first cell site, receive network information identifying a geographic region in which the wireless device is allowed to use resources of a second telecommunication network, determine whether the wireless device is in the geographical region, and establish a second communication link to a second cell in the second telecommunication network based on the received network information.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A dynamic spectrum arbitrage application part (DSAAP) protocol/component/module may allow, facilitate, support, or augment communications between the DSC and DPC so as to improve the efficiency and speed of the DSA system. The DSAAP may allow the DPC and/or DSC components to better pool resources across the different networks, better monitor traffic and resource usage in the various networks, to more efficiently communicate bids and bidding information, to quickly and efficiently register and deregister components, and better perform backoff operations.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A wireless device may be configured to intelligently select and use these allocated resources. For example, the wireless device may be configured to traverse an ordered list of preferred of networks to identify and select a first cell site in a first telecommunication network, establish a first communication link between the wireless device and the selected first cell site, receive network information identifying a geographic region in which the wireless device is allowed to use resources of a second telecommunication network, determine whether the wireless device is in the geographical region, and establish a second communication link to a second cell in the second telecommunication network based on the received network information.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. As part of these operations, the DSC may generate a grid-map structure that includes a primary grid structure that identifies telecommunication cells in a geographical area, and monitor the locations of wireless devices with respect to the telecommunication cells of the grid-map structure to determine whether to initiate inter-network handover operations. The DSC may also receive updated information from the monitored wireless devices (e.g.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamic transportation resource arbitrage (DTRA) may include configuring a server to dynamically manage the use of transportation resources. The server may identify, analyze, organize, and/or package available transportation resources (e.g., segments of roadways in a geographical area, etc.) as granular vehicular occupancy opportunity (VOO) elements/units that each identify an amount of a resource that is offered for allocation and use to travelers. The granular VOO elements/units may be well-defined, discrete, standardized, combinable, and/or fungible information structures or units that are suitable for comparison and/or mutual substitution. The server computing device may combine the granular VOOs to cover a specific corridor (e.g., an area that encompasses ten miles of the left lane of a highway, etc.), and dynamically offer a vehicle the right to access and use the transportation resources identified by a combination of VOOs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for and of treating, ameliorating or preventing colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans using polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a PEG block-copolymer such as Pluronic® F68. Compositions for use in treating, ameliorating and/or preventing CRC comprising PEG are also disclosed. Such compositions may be used in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems of various embodiments involve dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) to determine, in a first server, an amount of radio frequency (RF) spectrum resources available for delivery of advertisements. A first DSA-advertisement lease proposal may be sent to a telecommunications exchange. The first DSA-advertisement lease proposal indicates the amount of RF spectrum resources available for delivery of the advertisements. A lease confirmation message may be received, including an ad-information unit configured to deliver content of an advertisement within a designated geographic zone. Advertisement-lease parameters may be sent to a second server in the first communication network. The advertisement-lease parameters may include the ad-information unit and identify the designated geographic zone for delivery of the advertisement to user equipment (UE) situated therein.