Abstract: A ray-based classifier apparatus tunes a device using machine learning and includes: a machine learning module including a training data generator module and produces a device state; and the autotuning module including: a recognition module and a measurement module and that produces recognition data based on the device state and ray-based data; a comparison module that produces comparison data; a prediction module that produces prediction data for the device; a gate voltage controller that produces controller data and device control data and controls the device with the device control data; and a measurement module that produces ray-based data, such that the recognition module performs recognition on the ray-based data using the device state.