Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for screening, diagnosis and prognosis of kidney response, for monitoring the effectiveness of kidney response treatment, identifying patients most likely to respond to a particular therapeutic treatment and for drug development. In particular, the screening of drug candidates for their ability to induce a kidney response. Kidney Response-Associated Features (KRFs), detectable by two-dimensional electrophoresis of blood, serum, plasma or kidney tissue are described. The invention further provides Kidney Response-Associated Protein Isoforms (KRPIs) detectable in blood, serum, plasma or kidney tissue, preparations comprising isolated KRPIs, antibodies immunospecific for KRPIs, and kits comprising the aforesaid.