Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate includes an active area; a first landing pad connected to the active area and disposed on the substrate; a second landing pad connected to the active area, and spaced apart from the first landing pad, wherein the second landing pad is disposed on the substrate; a first lower electrode disposed on the first landing pad and extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate; a second lower electrode disposed on the second landing pad and extending in the direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate; a dielectric layer extending along the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; and an upper electrode disposed on the dielectric layer, wherein a first upper surface of the first landing pad is disposed below a second upper surface of the second landing pad with respect to a lower surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of repairing a memory device may include collecting fail information on fail cells in a multi-block memory, classifying the fail cells into first and second types, and repairing the fail cells in the multi-block memory using one or more of a global spare memory, a local spare memory, and a common spare memory, based on the fail information.

Abstract: A method of repairing a memory device may include collecting fail information on fail cells in a multi-block memory, classifying the fail cells into first and second types, and repairing the fail cells in the multi-block memory using one or more of a global spare memory, a local spare memory, and a common spare memory, based on the fail information.

Abstract: Provided herein are a composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases which contains m-3M3FBS or a pharmaceutically available salt thereof as an active ingredient, and health supplements for improving or preventing inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases which contain m-3M3FBS. Since m-3M3FBS has a microbicidal effect, inhibition of apoptosis, and inhibition of LPS-involved signal transduction which enables to effectively treat or prevent inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases, so that it may be effectively used as medicine or health supplements for treating or preventing inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for treating an infectious or inflammatory disease, a pharmaceutical composition for treating an infectious or inflammatory disease, and a method of using a pharmaceutical composition are provided. The pharmaceutical composition includes a peptide ligand that binds with CXCR2 as an active component. The active component can be useful in preventing and treating infectious and/or inflammatory diseases, including sepsis and septic shock by promoting the removal of bacteria by phagocytosis, suppressing an inflammatory response, and suppressing the apoptosis of immune cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunoregulating agent comprising a peptide, a pharmaceutical composition and a method of preventing or treating immune-related disorder such as sever sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the use of peptide for anti-inflammatory agent, an antibacterial agent, or an inhibiting agent of an immune cell apoptosis.

Abstract: Provided herein are a composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases which contains m-3M3FBS or a pharmaceutically available salt thereof as an active ingredient, and health supplements for improving or preventing inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases which contain m-3M3FBS. Since m-3M3FBS has a microbicidal effect, inhibition of apoptosis, and inhibition of LPS-involved signal transduction which enables to effectively treat or prevent inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases, so that it may be effectively used as medicine or health supplements for treating or preventing inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for treating an infectious or inflammatory disease, a pharmaceutical composition for treating an infectious or inflammatory disease, and a method of using a pharmaceutical composition are provided. The pharmaceutical composition includes a peptide ligand that binds with CXCR2 as an active component. The active component can be useful in preventing and treating infectious and/or inflammatory diseases, including sepsis and septic shock by promoting the removal of bacteria by phagocytosis, suppressing an inflammatory response, and suppressing the apoptosis of immune cells.

Abstract: Provided is a drying system capable of determining if the number of on/off switching unitings of a heating mechanism exceeds a preset number over a preset duration, and reducing the amount of heat that the heating mechanism radiates, in order to extend the service life of the heating mechanism and a switching uniting mechanism

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device including a dual silicide process. The method may include sequentially siliciding and stressing a first MOS region, and sequentially siliciding and stressing a second MOS region after siliciding and stressing the first MOS region, the second MOS region being a different type than the first MOS region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunoregulating agent comprising a peptide, a pharmaceutical composition and a method of preventing or treating immune-related disorder such as sever sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the use of peptide for anti-inflammatory agent, an antibacterial agent, or an inhibiting agent of an immune cell apoptosis.

Abstract: A drying apparatus and a controlling method thereof are provided. During an initial phase of drying operation according to a selected drying cycle, a point of terminating the drying operation is calculated based on a moisture level sensed by a moisture sensor and a moisture output quantity stored in the storage. Drying is performed up to the calculated point of drying operation termination.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device including a dual suicide process. The method may include sequentially siliciding and stressing a first MOS region, and sequentially siliciding and stressing a second MOS region after siliciding and stressing the first MOS region, the second MOS region being a different type than the first MOS region.

Abstract: A drying apparatus and a controlling method thereof are provided. During an initial phase of drying operation according to a selected drying cycle, a point of terminating the drying operation is calculated based on a moisture level sensed by a moisture sensor and a moisture output quantity stored in the storage. Drying is performed up to the calculated point of drying operation termination.

Abstract: A dryer and a dryer control method using a sensing unit and a timer to vary drying operations depending on the state of drying laundry are disclosed. The method for controlling an automatic dryer having a drying part including a heater, a fan, and a drum includes the steps of operating the drying part while monitoring an internal temperature and an internal humidity of the drum, continuously operating the heater, the fan, and the drum until the internal temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, and operating the fan intermittently when the internal temperature reaches the predetermined temperature. The method further includes operating the heater intermittently when the internal humidity reaches a predetermined humidity, discontinuing heater operation upon lapse of a first predetermined time, discontinuing fan operation upon lapse of a second predetermined time, and discontinuing drum operation upon lapse of a third predetermined time.

Abstract: Provided is a drying system capable of determining if the number of on/off switching unitings of a heating mechanism exceeds a preset number over a preset duration, and reducing the amount of heat that the heating mechanism radiates, in order to extend the service life of the heating mechanism and a switching uniting mechanism

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, including obtaining a semiconductor substrate, forming a device isolating layer having a depression part and a protrusion part in the semiconductor substrate, forming a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode on the semiconductor substrate, forming a spacer in communication with the gate electrode, removing a portion of the semiconductor substrate to form at least one substrate recess region in an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and at least one substrate remaining portion extending to a same height as the semiconductor substrate, so that the substrate remaining portion forms a sidewall of the substrate recess region and is in communication with the device isolating layer, and forming a substrate epitaxial layer in the substrate recess region.

Abstract: A dryer and a dryer control method using a sensing unit and a timer to vary drying operations depending on the state of drying laundry are disclosed. The method for controlling an automatic dryer having a drying part including a heater, a fan, and a drum includes the steps of operating the drying part while monitoring an internal temperature and an internal humidity of the drum, continuously operating the heater, the fan, and the drum until the internal temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, and operating the fan intermittently when the internal temperature reaches the predetermined temperature. The method further includes operating the heater intermittently when the internal humidity reaches a predetermined humidity, discontinuing heater operation upon lapse of a first predetermined time, discontinuing fan operation upon lapse of a second predetermined time, and discontinuing drum operation upon lapse of a third predetermined time.

Abstract: A power supply is provided, by which power consumption of an electrical apparatus having a normal mode and a standby mode is reduced by including a dedicated power converter for the standby mode, to increase operational efficiency by means of feeding back an output voltage in standby mode to supply a constant voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dryness measuring device, and more particularly the dryness measuring device for sensing a dryness status of laundry in drying. The present invention is to provide an electrode sensor for sensing the dryness status of the laundry and measuring a current dryness status by a variance of a voltage which is charged in capacitor based on a variance of resistance of the electrode sensor. And, the present invention minimizes outside effect by discharging of the charged voltage of the capacitor by designated periods.