Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance imaging apparatus is provided. The surface plasmon resonance imaging apparatus includes a light irradiation unit configured to irradiate polarized light onto a metal coating film provided on one surface of a prism, a light modulator configured to spatially pattern-encode light reflected by the metal coating film and the prism, a light detector configured to detect a pattern-encoded light signal, obtained through pattern-encoding by the light modulator, as a spectral signal, a signal processor configured to spatially decode the spectral signal and analyze a decoded spectral signal to generate characteristic data of a sample provided on the metal coating film, and an output unit configured to output the characteristic data of the sample as a two-dimensional (2D) image.

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A file protection method of a computer apparatus including a processor, the method including extracting classes from an executable file of a package file, classifying the classes into class groups, adding a loading code to a first class group among the class groups, the loading code configured to cause sequential loading of the class groups to a memory in a random loading order in response to execution of the package file, adding an integrity code to a second class group among the class groups, the integrity code configured to verify an integrity of a corresponding class group among the class groups or a previous class group among the class groups, the previous class group including the loading code configured to cause the corresponding class group to load, and regenerating the package file using the class groups after the adding the loading code and the adding the integrity code.

Abstract: Discussed is a display panel capable of preventing a substrate from being directly exposed to the external and preventing a light leakage. The display panel according to an embodiment includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate coupled to each other and configured to display images; an optical film attached to an upper surface of the upper substrate; and a panel protection member for covering side faces of the lower and upper substrates, wherein at least one side of the optical film extends beyond a side face of at least one side of the upper substrate.

Abstract: A method of a operating a data storage device including a nonvolatile memory device and a memory controller is provided. The method includes reading a first selection transistors connected to a first selection line from among a plurality of selection lines with a reference voltage, determining whether a first number of selection transistors, from among the first selection transistors, which have a threshold voltage less than the reference voltage is larger than a first reference value, and if the first number is larger than the first reference value, programming the first selection transistors to have threshold voltage larger than or equal to a target voltage.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory device includes setting a search region defined by a start read voltage and an end read voltage, determining whether the search region belongs to a reference region, changing the search region when it is determined that the search region does not belong to the reference region, and searching for a new read voltage based on the search region, when it is determined that the search region belongs to the reference region.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory device includes setting a search region defined by a start read voltage and an end read voltage, determining whether the search region belongs to a reference region, changing the search region when it is determined that the search region does not belong to the reference region, and searching for a new read voltage based on the search region, when it is determined that the search region belongs to the reference region.

Abstract: A method of a operating a data storage device including a nonvolatile memory device and a memory controller is provided. The method includes reading a first selection transistors connected to a first selection line from among a plurality of selection lines with a reference voltage, determining whether a first number of selection transistors, from among the first selection transistors, which have a threshold voltage less than the reference voltage is larger than a first reference value, and if the first number is larger than the first reference value, programming the first selection transistors to have threshold voltage larger than or equal to a target voltage.

Abstract: Discussed is a display panel capable of preventing a substrate from being directly exposed to the external and preventing a light leakage. The display panel according to an embodiment includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate coupled to each other and configured to display images; an optical film attached to an upper surface of the upper substrate; and a panel protection member for covering side faces of the lower and upper substrates, wherein at least one side of the optical film extends beyond a side face of at least one side of the upper substrate.