Abstract: A method of transforming Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) may include obtaining, by a DRS device, MC simulated DRS measurements using a pre-defined number of photons; pre-processing, by the DRS device, the MC simulated DRS measurements to obtain normalized DRS measurements; correcting, by the DRS device, non-monotonicity of the normalized DRS measurements to obtain monotonic DRS measurements; converting, by the DRS device, the monotonic DRS measurements to a logarithmic domain to obtain logarithmic DRS measurements; performing, by the DRS device, curve fitting on the logarithmic DRS measurements in the logarithmic domain to obtain curve-fitted logarithmic DRS measurements; and transforming, by the DRS device, the curve-fitted logarithmic DRS measurements to a non-logarithmic domain to obtain transformed MC simulated DRS measurements.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating body temperature of an object may include: a heating element; a first temperature sensor configured to measure temperature of the heating element; a second temperature sensor disposed at a position spaced apart from the first temperature sensor and configured to measure surface temperature of an object upon contact with the object; and a processor configured to estimate core temperature using a heat flux based on the temperature of the heating element and the surface temperature of the object, and to estimate body temperature of the object by correcting the core temperature, estimated using the heat flux, based on external temperature.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a main body including a first surface and a second surface; a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor which are provided inside the main body, wherein the second temperature sensor is disposed closer to the surface of the main body than the first temperature sensor; and a processor, which while the second surface of the main body is in contact with a body part of a user, is configured to estimate a heat flux that is generated by body heat, of the user based on a difference between a first temperature measured by the first temperature sensor and a second temperature measured by the second temperature sensor, and measure air temperature based on the estimated heat flux and the second temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining a target signal spectrum includes: a spectrum measurer configured to measure a plurality of spectra from an object; and a processor configured to obtain a difference spectrum matrix by subtracting a reference spectrum from each of the plurality of spectra, and to obtain a spectrum of a target signal based on the obtained difference spectrum matrix.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating body temperature, may include: a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor configured to measure a PPG signal by emitting light onto an object and by detecting light scattered or reflected from the object; and a processor configured to estimate a cutaneous blood flow and an energy metabolism of the object based on the PPG signal, estimate a core body temperature of the object based on the cutaneous blood flow and the energy metabolism, and provide notification information on a risk of abnormal body temperature based on the core body temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating body temperature includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure surface temperature of a wrist of a user; and a processor configured to calculate skin heat flux based on the surface temperature of the wrist, to estimate central wrist temperature of the user based on the surface temperature of the wrist, the calculated skin heat flux, and a blood flow rate and metabolism of the user, and to estimate core body temperature of the user based on the estimated central wrist temperature.

Abstract: A method of correcting an error of an optical sensor which includes a light source and a detector, including adjusting a brightness of the light source to a preset brightness; controlling the light source to emit light to a preset material; acquiring preset material data corresponding to the emitted light and the preset material using the detector; and correcting, by using the acquired preset material data, an error of a distance between the light source and the detector based on a difference between a first amount of light received at a first point of the detector and a second amount of light received at a second point of the detector, or based on a gradation of an image obtained by the detector

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating core body temperature of an object is provided. The apparatus may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a surface temperature of an object; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a surface temperature of a material, which is positioned between the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; and a processor configured to obtain a heat flux based on the surface temperature of the object and the surface temperature of the material, configured to estimate a wrist temperature of the object based on the obtained heat flux and the surface temperature of the object, and configured to estimate core body temperature of the object based on the estimated wrist temperature of the object and a heat loss coefficient between a core and a wrist.

Abstract: A calorie estimation apparatus and method that analyze a user's skin spectrum to determine calories of food and drink that the user has ingested are provided. The calorie estimation apparatus includes a spectrum measurer configured to measure a skin spectrum of a user; and a processor configured to determine a noise of the measured skin spectrum, and estimate calories consumed by the user based on the determined noise.

Abstract: Provided are a lactic acid bacteria culture medium comprising red ginseng-derived dietary fiber; and a method for culturing lactic acid bacteria by using same, wherein red ginseng-derived dietary fiber is used in a lactic acid bacteria culture medium so that the number of viable lactic acid bacteria can be increased and the culturing thereof can be improved, and the method uses the culture medium so as to improve culturing under the same conditions, and thus is advantageous in terms of cost.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-invasively estimating a biological component is provided. The apparatus may include: a sensor configured to measure a calibration spectrum for a first duration and measure a biological component estimation spectrum for a second duration, based on light returning from an object; and a processor configured to remove a signal of a biological component from the calibration spectrum to obtain a background spectrum for the first duration, and estimate the biological component, based on the background spectrum and the biological component estimation spectrum, for the second duration in response to a command for measuring the biological component.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating body temperature includes a sensor including a first sensor board; an object contact surface provided below the first sensor board; a thermally conductive material provided on an upper end of the first sensor board; a second sensor board provided on an upper end of the thermally conductive material; at least one first temperature sensor provided on the first sensor board and being configured to measure a surface temperature of the object; and at least one second temperature sensor provided on the second sensor board and being configured to measure a surface temperature of the thermally conductive material; and a processor configured to: measure a heat flux based on the surface temperature of the object and the surface temperature of the thermally conductive material; and estimate core temperature based on the measured heat flux and the surface temperature of the object.

Abstract: Provided is a method of correcting an error of an optical sensor including a light source and an image sensor, the method including emitting light to a material by driving the light source, acquiring an image of the material by the image sensor, and correcting an error of a distance between the light source and the image sensor of the optical sensor based on a gradation of the acquired image of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a core body temperature of an object is provided. The apparatus may include a heat flow sensor configured to measure a first heat flux from an object, a first temperature sensor positioned under a thermal conducting material and configured to measure a surface temperature of the object, a second temperature sensor positioned above the thermal conducting material and configured to measure a surface temperature of the thermal conducting material, and a processor configured to obtain a second heat flux by calibrating the first heat flux based on the surface temperature of the object and the surface temperature of the thermal conducting material, and configured to estimate a core body temperature of the object based on the obtained second heat flux and the surface temperature of the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a core body temperature of an object is provided. According to one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of sensors configured to obtain data from an object and a processor configured to obtain a surface temperature, a heat flux, a skin blood flow rate, and a blood flow velocity by using the data obtained from the plurality of sensors, obtain a skin thermal conductivity based on the skin blood flow rate, and estimate a core body temperature of the object based on the surface temperature, the heat flux, the skin thermal conductivity, and the blood flow velocity of the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a metabolism model may include a processor configured to obtain a predetermined number of bio-information profiles from a bio-sensor, extract a representative bio-information profile from the obtained predetermined number of bio-information profiles, and generate the metabolism model for correcting an error of the bio-sensor by using the extracted representative bio-information profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a core body temperature of an object is provided. According to one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of sensors configured to obtain data from an object and a processor configured to obtain a surface temperature, a heat flux, a skin blood flow rate, and a blood flow velocity by using the data obtained from the plurality of sensors, obtain a skin thermal conductivity based on the skin blood flow rate, and estimate a core body temperature of the object based on the surface temperature, the heat flux, the skin thermal conductivity, and the blood flow velocity of the object.

Abstract: Provided is a spectrum processing apparatus for removing noise, caused by a change in temperature, from a spectrum. The spectrum processing apparatus includes: a temperature modulator configured to perform modulation of a temperature of an object; a spectrometer configured to obtain a first spectrum based on the temperature of the object that is changed by the modulation; and a spectrum processor configured to extract a temperature change vector based on the first spectrum, and to correct a second spectrum based on the extracted temperature change vector.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating blood concentration of an analyte may include a sweat collector configured to collect sweat from a skin surface of a user. The apparatus may include an optical sensor configured to emit light rays of different wavelengths towards the collected sweat, and detect an optical signal reflected by the collected sweat. The apparatus may include a processor configured to estimate the blood concentration of the analyte based on the detected optical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes a display including unit pixels, each of the unit pixels including light sources configured to emit light having different wavelengths, and detectors configured to detect light having the different wavelengths. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to determine source pixels configured to emit light onto an object, among the unit pixels, determine detector pixels configured to detect light that is scattered or reflected from the object, among the unit pixels, control the determined source pixels and the determined detector pixels to obtain a spectrum based on the light having multiple wavelengths that is detected by the detector pixels, and estimate bio-information, based on the obtained spectrum.