Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate; a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode arranged on the base substrate to be spaced apart from each other; a pixel defining film on the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode and including a first opening exposing the first pixel electrode, a second opening exposing the second pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening, and a third opening exposing the third pixel electrode and spaced apart from the first opening and the second opening; a first organic layer on the first pixel electrode exposed by the first opening; a second organic layer on the second pixel electrode exposed by the second opening; and a third organic layer on the third pixel electrode exposed by the third opening.

Abstract: Provided is a portable apparatus for measuring a manipulation force. The apparatus includes a manipulation force measurement unit configured to measure a manipulation force applied on a manipulated part in a first direction of pushing forward or pulling backward and measure a manipulation force in a second direction of moving toward left or right, and a controller configured to process the measured manipulation force to generate manipulation force information over time.

Abstract: Provided is a portable apparatus for measuring a manipulation force. The apparatus includes a manipulation force measurement unit configured to measure a manipulation force applied on a manipulated part in a first direction of pushing forward or pulling backward and measure a manipulation force in a second direction of moving toward left or right, and a controller configured to process the measured manipulation force to generate manipulation force information over time.