Abstract: A device identifies a first entry, at a virtual submission queue, which includes a command identifier and an opcode. The device determines, based on the opcode, that a command is to be either: emulated by a virtual non-volatile memory express (NVMe) controller, or executed by a physical NVMe controller. The device inserts a second entry, into a physical controller submission queue, which includes the command identifier and either: the opcode (the physical execution determination), or a placeholder command opcode (the emulation determination). Later, the device identifies a third entry, at a physical controller completion queue, which includes the command identifier. Based on the command identifier, the device fetches the first entry from the virtual submission queue. The device inserts a fourth entry, into a virtual completion queue, which includes the command identifier and either: a result of emulating the command, or a result of the NVMe controller executing the command.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of reducing Denial of Service (DoS) attack in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The method provides real time communication between a sender node and receiver node by multiplexing control channel (that uses voice traffic) and data channel (that uses internet protocol traffic). Further an IoT system is disclosed. The communication channel between the sender node and the receiver node is configured to divide into a control channel to perform a handshake to the receiver node and data channel to carry data. Also to prevent DoS attack ports are changed periodically using the control channel. The advantages include reduced DoS attack in the network, low memory footprint of less than 2 KB and the communication is real time. The system and method may be used in commercial IoT deployments like environmental monitoring, smart grid, smart cities and health care.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of reducing Denial of Service (DoS) attack in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The method provides real time communication between a sender node and receiver node by multiplexing control channel (that uses voice traffic) and data channel (that uses internet protocol traffic). Further an IoT system is disclosed. The communication channel between the sender node and the receiver node is configured to divide into a control channel to perform a handshake to the receiver node and data channel to carry data. Also to prevent DoS attack ports are changed periodically using the control channel. The advantages include reduced DoS attack in the network, low memory footprint of less than 2 KB and the communication is real time. The system and method may be used in commercial IoT deployments like environmental monitoring, smart grid, smart cities and health care.

Abstract: A base caching disk and associated methods for facilitating fast instantiation of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during an instantiation process of a virtual machine on a node in the distributed computing system, determining whether a base caching disk on the node contains a block of data of the image needed for the instantiation process of the virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the base caching disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from the central image store without retrieving the entire image, writing the retrieved block of data to a sector on the base caching disk at the node and subsequently, marking the sector containing the written block of data on the base caching disk as read-only.

Abstract: A virtual disk and associated methods for facilitating live migration of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during a live migration of a virtual machine, determining whether a destination virtual disk on a node contains a block of data corresponding to the migrated virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the destination virtual disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from a source virtual disk of the migrated virtual machine, writing the retrieved block of data to one or more empty sectors on the destination virtual disk, and marking the one or more written to sectors containing the block of data as read-only on the destination virtual disk.

Abstract: A base caching disk and associated methods for facilitating fast instantiation of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during an instantiation process of a virtual machine on a node in the distributed computing system, determining whether a base caching disk on the node contains a block of data of the image needed for the instantiation process of the virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the base caching disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from the central image store without retrieving the entire image, writing the retrieved block of data to a sector on the base caching disk at the node and subsequently, marking the sector containing the written block of data on the base caching disk as read-only.

Abstract: A base caching disk and associated methods for facilitating fast instantiation of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during an instantiation process of a virtual machine on a node in the distributed computing system, determining whether a base caching disk on the node contains a block of data of the image needed for the instantiation process of the virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the base caching disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from the central image store without retrieving the entire image, writing the retrieved block of data to a sector on the base caching disk at the node and subsequently, marking the sector containing the written block of data on the base caching disk as read-only.

Abstract: A virtual disk and associated methods for facilitating live migration of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during a live migration of a virtual machine, determining whether a destination virtual disk on a node contains a block of data corresponding to the migrated virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the destination virtual disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from a source virtual disk of the migrated virtual machine, writing the retrieved block of data to one or more empty sectors on the destination virtual disk, and marking the one or more written to sectors containing the block of data as read-only on the destination virtual disk.

Abstract: A base caching disk and associated methods for facilitating fast instantiation of virtual machines in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes during an instantiation process of a virtual machine on a node in the distributed computing system, determining whether a base caching disk on the node contains a block of data of the image needed for the instantiation process of the virtual machine. The method can also include, in response to determining that the base caching disk does not contain the block of data, retrieving the block of data from the central image store without retrieving the entire image, writing the retrieved block of data to a sector on the base caching disk at the node and subsequently, marking the sector containing the written block of data on the base caching disk as read-only.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus are described that enable electronic payment transactions over a network, such as the Internet. A technique, in a web re-direction embodiment, includes receiving a generic payment request from an electronic commerce web application, the generic payment request including at least an indication of a type of payment to be completed, preparing a payment gateway-specific web request that is supportive of the type of payment to be completed, passing the payment gateway-specific web request to the electronic commerce web application for delivery to a payment gateway for which the payment gateway-specific web request was prepared, receiving a payment gateway-specific web response from the payment gateway via the electronic commerce web application, processing the payment gateway-specific web response, and returning, to the electronic web application, a generic payment response including, at least, an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the payment gateway.