Abstract: A binary bi-phase shift modulator having an input piezoelectric transducer and an output piezoelectric transducer connected in series between a radio frequency input and a radio frequency output. A fixed DC pole voltage having a first polarity is connected to one of the transducers. A DC switched pole voltage is connected to the other transducer which switches between the pole voltage of the first polarity and a pole voltage of the opposite polarity in accordance with a binary data signal. The polarity of the radio frequency input relative to the radio frequency output varies as a function of the polarity of the DC switched pole voltage.

Abstract: A binary bi-phase shift modulator having an input piezoelectric transducer and an output piezoelectric transducer connected in series between a radio frequency input and a radio frequency output. A fixed DC pole voltage having a first polarity is connected to one of the transducers. A DC switched pole voltage is connected to the other transducer which switches between the pole voltage of the first polarity arid a pole voltage of the opposite polarity m accordance with a dinar data signal The polarity of the radio frequency input relative to the radio frequency output varies as a function of the polarity of the DC switched pole voltage.

Abstract: A capacitive chemical sensor, along with methods of making and using the sensor are provided. The sensors described herein eliminate undesirable capacitance by etching away the substrate underneath the capacitive chemical sensor, eliminating most of the substrate capacitance and making changes in the chemical-sensitive layer capacitance easier to detect.

Abstract: A method of forming a device on a substrate comprising creating a depository and at least one attached capillary; the depository being of millimeter scale; providing a liquid containing particles in the range 1 nanometer to 1 millimeter; depositing into the depository the liquid containing particles which flows into at least one capillary by capillary action; evaporating the liquid such that the particles form an agglomerate beginning at the end of the at least one capillary with a substantially uniform distribution of the particles within the agglomerate; which is used to form a device. A microelectronic integrated circuit device comprising a substrate; a depository coupled to said substrate, the depository being formed by at least one wall adjacent to the substrate; at least one capillary channel coupled to at least one depository that is formed by walls adapted to be filled with a liquid (by capillary action) comprising nanoparticles.

Abstract: A capacitive chemical sensor, along with methods of making and using the sensor are provided. The sensors described herein eliminate undesirable capacitance by etching away the substrate underneath the capacitive chemical sensor, eliminating most of the substrate capacitance and making changes in the chemical-sensitive layer capacitance easier to detect.