Abstract: An oxygen gas stream is distributed to a spent catalyst stream through an oxygen nozzle of an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas stream is distributed to the spent catalyst stream through a fuel nozzle of a fuel gas distributor. An oxygen gas jet generated from said oxygen nozzle and a fuel gas jet generated from said fuel gas nozzle have the same elevation in the regenerator. In a regenerator, an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas distributor may be located in a mixing chamber. A fuel outlet of a fuel nozzle of the fuel gas distributor may be within a fifth of the height of the mixing chamber from an oxygen outlet of an oxygen nozzle of the oxygen gas distributor. In addition, clear space is provided between a fuel gas nozzle on a fuel gas distributor and a closest oxygen nozzle on an oxygen gas distributor.

Abstract: A process for catalytic production of olefins comprises contacting a first hydrocarbon stream and a first stream of fluid catalyst in a first riser to produce a first cracked product stream and a spent catalyst stream. The first cracked product stream is separated in a main column. An overhead stream from the main column is separated into a second hydrocarbon stream. The second hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a second stream of fluid catalyst in a second riser to produce a second cracked product stream and a first stream of cool catalyst. A third hydrocarbon stream is obtained from the overhead stream and/or from the second cracked product stream. The third hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a third stream of fluid catalyst in a third riser to produce a third cracked product stream and a second stream of cool catalyst.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of feedstock and separating catalyst from product gas comprises a first hydrocarbon feedstock contacted with a first stream of catalyst in a first riser to produce a first mixture of catalyst and product gases. A second hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with a second stream of catalyst in a second riser to produce a second mixture of catalyst and product gases. The first riser and/or the second riser may terminate within a reactor vessel. The first mixture of catalyst and product gases from the first riser pass into a first disengagement chamber within the reactor vessel. The second mixture of catalyst and product gases pass from the second riser into a second disengagement chamber within the same reactor vessel.

Abstract: A process for distributing quench fluid to a stream of product comprising contacting a feed stream with a stream of catalyst to convert the feed stream to product. The quench fluid is sprayed into the stream of product from a first distributor through at least one first opening centered at a first radial position and from a second distributor through at least one second opening centered at a second radial position different from the first radial position. Catalyst is preferably separated from the product stream prior to quenching. The process may include a first set of first distributors and a second set of second distributors.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.

Abstract: In an apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking a riser having a top and a bottom for fluidizing and cracking a hydrocarbon feed stream by contact with catalyst exits an outlet at the top of the riser. A downer in communication with the outlet of the riser receives cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A swirl duct in communication with the downer has a discharge opening below the outlet for discharging said cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A stream of hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst is passed upwardly in a riser. A stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst is directedly downwardly and then the stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst are directed to flow in an angular direction to separate gaseous hydrocarbon products from the catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a feed distributor comprising a side cluster of orifices instead of or in combination with an end cluster of orifices for distributing hydrocarbon feed into a catalyst stream. A side cluster of orifices in conjunction with an end cluster of orifices on a feed distributor can distribute hydrocarbon feed into a riser over a greater cross-sectional extent enabling emission of smaller droplet sizes which provide better conversion with less coke production.

Abstract: An oxygen gas stream is distributed to a spent catalyst stream through an oxygen nozzle of an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas stream is distributed to the spent catalyst stream through a fuel nozzle of a fuel gas distributor. An oxygen gas jet generated from said oxygen nozzle and a fuel gas jet generated from said fuel gas nozzle have the same elevation in the regenerator. In a regenerator, an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas distributor may be located in a mixing chamber. A fuel outlet of a fuel nozzle of the fuel gas distributor may be within a fifth of the height of the mixing chamber from an oxygen outlet of an oxygen nozzle of the oxygen gas distributor. In addition, clear space is provided between a fuel gas nozzle on a fuel gas distributor and a closest oxygen nozzle on an oxygen gas distributor.

Abstract: Vent gases from a catalyst cooler are directed downstream or outside of the catalyst regenerator to avoid sending air to a location where after burn may occur. Vent gases contain oxygen that when contacted with carbon monoxide in regenerator flue gas can cause after burn to occur at a location which lacks sufficient catalyst density to serve as a heat sink. Locating the cooling media supply in the top of the catalyst cooler enables cooled catalyst to drain from the bottom of the catalyst cooler and fitting more cooler tubes in the catalyst cooler.

Abstract: A process for regenerating spent catalyst by combusting coke and fuel gas together in the presence of enriched oxygen restores activity to the catalyst to bring back to adequate activity level while reducing or obviating the need for the oxygen treatment step. The oxygen concentration in the oxygen supply gas should be greater than 21 vol %.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a FCC apparatus comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips is provided. A first feed is injected into the riser from first distributor tips. A second feed is injected into the riser from second distributor tips. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are positioned at different radii in the riser. The first feed and the second feed are cracked in the riser in the presence of an FCC catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density and a region of higher catalyst density respectively in the riser.

Abstract: In an FCC apparatus and process structured packing should be located at the very top of the stripping section in an upper region. The lower region below the structural packing may be equipped with fluidization equipment such as stripping media distributors and one or more gratings. This arrangement enables stripping of entrained hydrocarbons off the incoming catalyst immediately upon entry into the stripping section allowing the entrained hydrocarbon to exit the stripping section with minimized residence time to minimize post-riser cracking. Revamp of stripping sections with tall stripping sections should conducted in this way to improve performance and reduce down-time for equipment installation.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a FCC apparatus comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips is provided. A first feed is injected into the riser from first distributor tips. A second feed is injected into the riser from second distributor tips. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are positioned at different radii in the riser. The first feed and the second feed are cracked in the riser in the presence of an FCC catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density and a region of higher catalyst density respectively in the riser.

Abstract: Pyrolysis methods and apparatuses that allow effective heat removal, for example when necessary to achieve a desired throughput or process a desired type of biomass, are disclosed. According to representative methods, the use of a quench medium (e.g., water), either as a primary or a secondary type of heat removal, allows greater control of process temperatures, particularly in the reheater where char, as a solid byproduct of pyrolysis, is combusted. Quench medium may be distributed to one or more locations within the reheater vessel, such as above and/or within a dense phase bed of fluidized particles of a solid heat carrier (e.g., sand) to better control heat removal.

Abstract: A method for fluidizing a spent catalyst in a regenerator during a combustion process. The combustor includes a vessel and an air distributor. The air distributor includes an air grid and a plurality of first nozzles extending from the air grid. Spent catalyst is introduced into the vessel. Air is provided to the vessel via the plurality of first nozzles at a base combustion air rate. Additional air is provided to the vessels via a plurality of second nozzles of a fluffing air distributor at a fluffing air rate that is between 0.5 wt % and 10 wt % of the base combustion air rate to fluidize the catalyst. The second nozzles have outlets that are disposed below the air grid and above a bottom head of the vessel.

Abstract: In an apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking a riser having a top and a bottom for fluidizing and cracking a hydrocarbon feed stream by contact with catalyst exits an outlet at the top of the riser. A downer in communication with the outlet of the riser receives cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A swirl duct in communication with the downer has a discharge opening below the outlet for discharging said cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A stream of hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst is passed upwardly in a riser. A stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst is directedly downwardly and then the stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst are directed to flow in an angular direction to separate gaseous hydrocarbon products from the catalyst.

Abstract: In an FCC apparatus and process structured packing should be located at the very top of the stripping section in an upper region. The lower region below the structural packing may be equipped with fluidization equipment such as stripping media distributors and one or more gratings. This arrangement enables stripping of entrained hydrocarbons off the incoming catalyst immediately upon entry into the stripping section allowing the entrained hydrocarbon to exit the stripping section with minimized residence time to minimize post-riser cracking. Revamp of stripping sections with tall stripping sections should conducted in this way to improve performance and reduce down-time for equipment installation.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material are provided herein. The apparatus comprises a reactor, a reheater for forming a fluidized bubbling bed comprising an oxygen-containing gas, inorganic heat carrier particles, and char and for burning the char into ash to form heated inorganic particles. An inorganic particle cooler is in fluid communication with the reheater. The inorganic particle cooler comprises a shell portion and a tube portion. The inorganic particle cooler is configured such that the shell portion receives a portion of the heated inorganic particles and the tube portion receives a cooling medium for indirect heat exchange with the portion of the heated inorganic particles to form partially-cooled heated inorganic particles.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for co-processing pyrolysis effluent and a hydrocarbon stream in which a char produced by the catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis effluent is recovered and utilized to provide energy, such as heat to the catalytic cracking zone. The char can be burned in various combustion zones associated with the catalytic cracking zone. The char is produced from a renewable resource.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for gas-liquid distribution. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gas-liquid distribution device that may be used in an ionic liquid co-current gas and liquid up-flow reactor designed to distribute gas uniformly across the reactor cross section through restriction orifices on distributors located across the distribution tray.