Abstract: Provided is a method for inspecting surface deformation of a structure which enables easy measurement of the amount of deformation of the surface of a structure protection sheet attached to the surface of a structure such as concrete. The method for inspecting surface deformation of a structure includes: identifying a structure protection sheet attached to a surface of a structure using an individual identification means; digitally photographing a surface of a resin layer on an outermost surface of the structure protection sheet using a digital photography means; measuring a dimension of the surface of the resin layer based on image data obtained in the digital photography using a dimension measuring means; and calculating an amount of deformation of the surface of the resin layer based on data of the measured dimension using a calculation means.

Abstract: The diffusing member of the present invention is disposed in an exhaust pipe to partially block exhaust gas flowing in from upstream of the exhaust pipe, the diffusing member including a ceramic member and a metal member, wherein the ceramic member surrounds the metal member in such a manner that the metal member is partially exposed, and the volume of the ceramic member constituting the diffusing member is larger than the volume of the metal member constituting the diffusing member.

Abstract: The diffusing member of the present invention is disposed in an exhaust pipe to partially block exhaust gas flowing in from upstream of the exhaust pipe, the diffusing member including a ceramic member and a metal member, wherein the ceramic member surrounds the metal member in such a manner that the metal member is partially exposed, and the volume of the ceramic member constituting the diffusing member is larger than the volume of the metal member constituting the diffusing member.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated sheet to be wound around an outer surface of an exhaust gas processing unit includes a first mat containing first inorganic fibers and a second mat containing second inorganic fibers, the second mat being laminated on the first mat. The average fiber length of the first inorganic fibers is larger than the average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers and the laminated sheet is to be wound around the exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat forms an outermost layer. Development of cracks in the outer surface of the laminated sheet can be prevented by winding the laminated sheet around an exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat faces outward.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a holding sealing material includes needling a mat containing first inorganic fibers to manufacture a needle mat containing the first inorganic fibers entangled. A binder is allowed to adhere to the needle mat. A sheet-forming slurry containing at least second inorganic fibers and a binder is supplied on the needle mat to which the binder adhered. The sheet-forming slurry is maintained on the needle mat for a predetermined time. The sheet-forming slurry is dehydrated to manufacture a sheet-processed mat precursor laminated on the needle mat. The needle mat and the sheet-processed mat precursor laminated on the needle mat are dried.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes a needle mat, a sheet-processed mat, and a sheet-processed mat. The needle mat includes entangled first inorganic fibers and a binder. The sheet-processed mat includes a binder and second inorganic fibers processed into a sheet. The needle mat and the sheet-processed mat are laminated together. Staple fibers having an average fiber length shorter than an average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers are localized in an interface area extending inside the needle mat from an interface between the needle mat and the sheet-processed mat. A binder content of the interface area is higher than a binder content of the needle mat in terms of weight ratio.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: There is provided a holding sealer comprising inorganic fibers, in which the holding sealer has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface has a reentrant portion within a region that is a fixed distance inside from an end of the first surface.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated sheet to be wound around an outer surface of an exhaust gas processing unit includes a first mat containing first inorganic fibers and a second mat containing second inorganic fibers, the second mat being laminated on the first mat. The average fiber length of the first inorganic fibers is larger than the average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers and the laminated sheet is to be wound around the exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat forms an outermost layer. Development of cracks in the outer surface of the laminated sheet can be prevented by winding the laminated sheet around an exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat faces outward.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes a needle mat, a sheet-processed mat, and a sheet-processed mat. The needle mat includes entangled first inorganic fibers and a binder. The sheet-processed mat includes a binder and second inorganic fibers processed into a sheet. The needle mat and the sheet-processed mat are laminated together. Staple fibers having an average fiber length shorter than an average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers are localized in an interface area extending inside the needle mat from an interface between the needle mat and the sheet-processed mat. A binder content of the interface area is higher than a binder content of the needle mat in terms of weight ratio.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated sheet includes a first mat containing first inorganic fibers and a second mat containing second inorganic fibers, the second mat being laminated on the first mat. The average fiber length of the first inorganic fibers is larger than the average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers. Development of cracks in the outer surface of the laminated sheet can be prevented by winding the laminated sheet around an exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat faces outward.

Abstract: There is provided a holding sealer comprising inorganic fibers, in which the holding sealer has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface has a reentrant portion within a region that is a fixed distance inside from an end of the first surface.

Abstract: A heat resistant sheet containing inorganic fibers, wherein, among the inorganic fibers, a rate of a fiber(s) with a fiber length of about 200 ?m or less is about 40% or less, is provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a ceramic heater includes forming a resistance heating element on a surface of a ceramic substrate. The resistance heating element is divided into plural sections. Resistivities of the plural sections are measured, respectively. Each of the plural sections is trimmed according to a comparison between the resistivities of the plural sections.

Abstract: A ceramic heater manufacturing method capable of preventing reflection of a laser beam at the time the performing trimming by irradiation using a laser beam and performing trimming of a resistance heating element or a conductor layer. The ceramic heater manufacturing method includes forming a resistance heating element having a pattern on a surface of a ceramic substrate; and irradiating a laser beam onto the resistance heating element to form a gutter or a cut after a preceding step to adjust a resistance value of the resistance element. When the resistance heating element is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the resistance heating element is adjusted to have a surface roughness Ra of 0.01 ?m or more in accordance with MS B 0601.

Abstract: In a ceramic heater comprising a heating body formed on a surface of a ceramic substrate, the heating body is made of a non-sintering type metal foil or an electrically conductive ceramic thin film, and the metal foil or electrically conductive ceramic thin film is adhered to the surface of the substrate through a heat-resistant resin layer or the like. The ceramic heater is less in the scattering of resistance resulted from the quality of the heating body and is possible to accurately and rapidly conduct temperature control.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a ceramic heater manufacturing method capable of preventing reflection of laser beam at the time of performing trimming by irradiation using a laser beam and performing trimming of a resistance heating element or a conductor layer as designed and the ceramic heater manufacturing method of the present invention comprising the steps of: forming a resistance heating element having a pattern on a surface of a ceramic substrate; and irradiating laser beam onto the resistance heating element to form a gutter or a cut after preceding step so as to adjust a resistance value of the resistance heating element, wherein when the resistance heating element is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the resistance heating element is adjusted so as to have a surface roughness Ra of 0.01 &mgr;m or more in accordance with JIS B 0601.