Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a monomer from which a polymer layer capable of keeping high display quality even in high temperature and high humidity environments can be formed. The monomer in an aspect of the present invention is a compound represented by P-Sp1-Z2-A1-(Z1-A2)n1-Z3-Sp2-P: in the formula, P denotes the same or different radical polymerizable group; and at least one of Z1, Z2, and Z3 denotes —NRCO— or —CONR— group.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A steering apparatus includes a rack shaft moving in a vehicle width direction for steering steered wheels, a rack end in a moving side, which is provided in the rack shaft and integrally moving with the rack shaft, a housing body in a fixed side, which does not move in the vehicle width direction and controls the movement of the rack shaft by collision from the rack end to the housing body and a shock absorbing member provided between the rack end and the housing body to absorb a shock from the rack end to the housing body, in which the shock absorbing member includes a low-spring rate portion and a high-spring rate portion having a higher spring rate than that of the low-spring rate portion in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: Described is a reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and a composition containing such reagent.

Abstract: Provided is a sulfonium salt manufacturing method which can reduce the production of a monosulfonium salt. A method of manufacturing a sulfonium salt includes preparing a first sulfonium salt containing a sulfonium cation and a first anion, preparing a second sulfonium salt by exchanging the first anion for a halide ion, and preparing a third sulfonium salt by exchanging the halide ion for a second anion.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, at least one of the pair of substrates is provided with an alignment film for vertically aligning adjacent liquid crystal molecules, and a polymer layer formed on the alignment film for controlling the alignment of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules, the polymer layer is formed by polymerization of at least one monomer, the polymerization being initiated by radicals generated of the monomer upon absorption of light, the alignment film includes a polymer compound having a main chain that contains an imide structure, and the main chain has an imidization ratio of less than 50%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which image sticking seldom occurs. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, at least one of the pair of substrates is provided with an alignment film for vertically aligning adjacent liquid crystal molecules, and a polymer layer formed on the alignment film for controlling the alignment of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules, and the polymer layer is formed by polymerization of at least one monomer, the polymerization being initiated by radicals generated of the monomer upon absorption of light.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, at least one of the pair of substrates is provided with an alignment film for vertically aligning adjacent liquid crystal molecules, and a polymer layer formed on the alignment film for controlling the alignment of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules, the polymer layer is formed by polymerization of at least one monomer, the polymerization being initiated by radicals generated of the monomer upon absorption of light, the alignment film includes a polymer compound having a main chain that contains an imide structure, and the main chain has an imidization ratio of 50% or more.

Abstract: A steering apparatus includes a rack shaft moving in a vehicle width direction for steering steered wheels, a rack end in a moving side, which is provided in the rack shaft and integrally moving with the rack shaft, a housing body in a fixed side, which does not move in the vehicle width direction and controls the movement of the rack shaft by collision from the rack end to the housing body and a shock absorbing member provided between the rack end and the housing body to absorb a shock from the rack end to the housing body, in which the shock absorbing member includes a low-spring rate portion and a high-spring rate portion having a higher spring rate than that of the low-spring rate portion in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition for forming a polymer layer capable of keeping high voltage holding ratio. The liquid crystal composition in an aspect of the present invention contains a liquid crystal material and one or more kind monomers and, at least one of the monomers is a compound produced by further bonding a hydrocarbon group with 12 carbon atoms or more to a compound produced by bonding two polymerizable groups to a cyclic aliphatic compound or aromatic compound with 6 carbon atoms or more.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is described.

Abstract: The invention provides 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-di-[4-(meth)acryloyloxy]phenylethane-1-one represented by the following formula (A): (wherein R1 and R2, which may be identical to or different from each other, each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group).

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed. Also described is a method for manufacturing a device, the method including applying a liquid containing a composition to a member such that a coating film including the composition is formed on the member; and exposing the coating film to at least one of a first electromagnetic ray and a first particle ray such that a first portion of the coating film is exposed to the at least one of the first electromagnetic ray and the first particle ray while a second portion of the coating film is not exposed to the at least one of the first electromagnetic ray and the first particle ray.

Abstract: Several aspects of the present invention provide a liquid crystal composition capable of shortening the takt time and achieving excellent display qualities, and a liquid crystal display device and a method for producing a liquid crystal display device which use the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition of several aspects of the present invention includes a liquid crystal material and one or more kinds of radical polymerizable monomers, at least one kind of the radical polymerizable monomers being a compound generating radicals through a self-cleavage reaction by exposure to light and having at least two radical polymerizable groups.