Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an electrode catalyst layer of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly expressing excellent balance between water retention and drainage in an electrode, good power generation performance under any of low humidity and high humidity conditions, and also excellent durability of power generation. The electrode catalyst layer of the invention contains catalyst particles, an ion exchange resin and a water repellent agent, wherein said water repellent agent contains at least one kind selected from the group consisting of (A) a fluorine-containing copolymer having a structure unit derived from a polyfluoroalkyl-containing (meth)acrylate and (B) a fluorine-containing copolymer having a specific structure unit derived from a fluorine-containing olefin monomer and a specific structure unit derived from a vinyl ether monomer.

Abstract: A non-secure network gateway 11 and a secure network gateway 12 are realized by mutually independent computers, and are connected, by standard protocol communication portions 20 and 25, to a non-secure network 1 and a secure network 2 using a standard protocol the standardized specifications of which have been published. Data exchange between nonstandard protocol communication portions 22 and 23 of the sub-gateways 11 and 12 is performed using a nonstandard protocol the specifications of which have not been published, and data exchange between the nonstandard side and the standard side is performed only in the application layer. Protocol conversion portions 21 and 24 refers to relay permission settings tables 30 and 31 to confirm relay permission for communication data, and perform protocol conversion only when relaying is permitted. Even in the event that illicit communication data from one network has penetrated into a gateway, penetration of the communication data into the other network can be prevented.

Abstract: A suspension apparatus includes a single-phase linear motor, a state detecting sensor and a controlling portion. The single-phase liner motor includes a coil and a permanent magnet. The coil is adapted to be provided at one of a vehicle body-side member and a wheel-side member of a vehicle. The permanent magnet is adapted to be provided at the other of the vehicle body-side member and the wheel-side member of the vehicle. The state detecting sensor detects a relative moving state between the vehicle body-side member and the wheel-side member and an absolute moving state of the vehicle body-side member. The controlling portion controls a load outputted by the single-phase linear motor on the basis of a result detected by the state detecting sensor.

Abstract: Machine tool with: a bed furnished with a base and two side walls provided standing along respective left and right sides of the base; a first saddle composed of a rectangular frame, with vertical sides provided perpendicularly and transverse sides provided sideways, and both ends of the frame sideways being supported on rear faces of the side walls so as to be perpendicularly movable; a second saddle arranged within the first-saddle frame and provided to be movable sideways, and having a front-to-rear penetrating through-hole; a spindle head arranged in the second-saddle through-hole and provided to be movable back-and-forth; a tool-retaining spindle supported, by the spindle head, with its axis paralleling the front-to-rear orientation and rotatable about its axial center; and, arranged on the bed, a table on which workpieces are set.

Abstract: Machine tool with: a bed furnished with a base and two side walls provided standing along respective left and right sides of the base; a first saddle composed of a rectangular frame, with vertical sides provided perpendicularly and transverse sides provided sideways, and both ends of the frame sideways being supported on rear faces of the side walls so as to be perpendicularly movable; a second saddle arranged within the first-saddle frame and provided to be movable sideways, and having a front-to-rear penetrating through-hole; a spindle head arranged in the second-saddle through-hole and provided to be movable back-and-forth; a tool-retaining spindle supported, by the spindle head, with its axis paralleling the front-to-rear orientation and rotatable about its axial center; and, arranged on the bed, a table on which workpieces are set.

Abstract: Membrane-electrode assemblies are provided which have polymer electrolyte membranes capable of maintaining an adequately wet condition even at high temperatures and have superior generating properties. The membrane-electrode assembly includes an ion exchange resin membrane, an anode catalyst layer including catalyst-supported carbon and an ion exchange resin, and a cathode catalyst layer including catalyst-supported carbon and an ion exchange resin, the anode catalyst layer including a binder component of which the ion exchange capacity is higher than that of a binder component in the cathode catalyst layer, and/or the anode catalyst layer including an ion exchange resin layer of which the water content is higher than that of anion exchange resin layer of the cathode catalyst layer.

Abstract: To a fluorine-containing polymer, 0.1 to 10% of a compound having an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in terms of the number of atoms of the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal based on the total number of the above terminal groups, 0.1 to 10% of ammonia in terms of the number of ammonia molecules based on the total number of the above terminal groups, or 0.1 to 10% of a compound having an ammonium group in terms of the number of the ammonium groups based on the total number of the above terminal groups is added, and heated at a temperature of at least 200° C. in an atmosphere containing moisture. By this process, unstable terminal groups such as terminal carboxylic acid groups and coloration caused by such terminal groups are effectively removed from the fluorine-containing polymer, and furthermore unstable bonds in the backbones can be removed. The obtained fluorine-containing polymer contains 1.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a first yoke having a cylindrical shape, a second yoke having a cylindrical shape and arranged so as to be coaxial with the first yoke, an intermediate member for connecting the first yoke and the second yoke to each other, an insulating film formed on respective outer peripheral faces of the first yoke and the second yoke, a coil provided on an outer side of the first yoke and the second yoke and cylindrically formed by a coated wire wound, a movable member movably supported by an inner peripheral face of the first yoke so as to face the second yoke and moving towards the second yoke by means of an attractive force generated between the second yoke and the movable member in association with a power supply to the coil, and a case for accommodating therein the first yoke, the second yoke and the coil.

Abstract: A vulcanizable fluorine-containing elastomer composition having excellent stability in molding and kneading property, from which a vulcanized article having a small compression set can be produced in a short period of time. The vulcanizable fluorine-containing elastomer composition comprises a vulcanization agent, a vulcanization aid and a fluorine-containing elastomer having C—H bond in its polymer chain, and an optimum vulcanization time T90 (min) of the composition and a compression set CS (%) of the vulcanized article satisfy the following equations (I) and (II): Equation (I): in case of 50,000?MW?200,000, CS??3.45 Ln(T90)+22.8?4×10?5×MW Equation (II): in case of 200,000<MW, CS??3.45 Ln(T90)+14.8.

Abstract: After a melt-processable fluorine-containing copolymer is heated and molten, the copolymer is reheatd in a closed apparatus under a non-static condition at a temperature of, for example, 130° C. to the melting point of the fluorine-containing polymer, whereby a content of volatile materials in the copolymer is reduced to 30% or less of an initial content of volatile materials. Thereby, the content of volatile materials in the melt-processable fluorine-containing copolymer, which has been once molten, can be effectively decreased without using a large apparatus while avoiding the contamination of the copolymer with foreign particles.

Abstract: To a fluorine-containing polymer, 0.1 to 10% of a compound having an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in terms of the number of atoms of the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal based on the total number of the above terminal groups, 0.1 to 10% of ammonia in terms of the number of ammonia molecules based on the total number of the above terminal groups, or 0.1 to 10% of a compound having an ammonium group in terms of the number of the ammonium groups based on the total number of the above terminal groups is added, and heated at a temperature of at least 200° C. in an atmosphere containing moisture. By this process, unstable terminal groups such as terminal carboxylic acid groups and coloration caused by such terminal groups are effectively removed from the fluorine-containing polymer, and furthermore unstable bonds in the backbones can be removed. The obtained fluorine-containing polymer contains 1.

Abstract: A melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer is melt kneaded with a kneader which has a residence time of at least 10 minutes, a usable volume ratio (usable space in a container/space in a container) of larger than 0.3, and a power factor K of less than 8000, the power factor K being represented by the formula: K=Pv/&mgr;/n2 in which Pv is a power requirement per unit volume (W/m3), &mgr; is a melt viscosity (Pa.s), and n is a rotation speed (rps), to effectively remove terminal groups and bonds in the backbones, which are unstable during melt kneading, from the melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer, and obtain a colorless fluorine-containing polymer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorine-containing elastomeric copolymer, a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator, said process comprising the step of coagulating the copolymer from an aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing elastomeric copolymer and drying the resulting coagulate of the copolymer while kneading, wherein a mixture of mutually soluble components consisting of the vulcanizing agent and the vulcanization accelerator is added to the coagulate, can give a fluororubber composition having stable vulcanization physical properties, wherein the vulcanizing agent and the vulcanization accelerator are homogeneously dispersed in the fluororubber.

Abstract: To a fluorine-containing polymer, 0.1 to 10% of a compound comprising an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in terms of the number of atoms of the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal based on the total number of the above terminal groups, 0.1 to 10% of ammonia in terms of the number of ammonia molecules based on the total number of the above terminal groups, or 0.1 to 10% of a compound having an ammonium group in terms of the number of the ammonium groups based on the total number of the above terminal groups is added, and heated at a temperature of at least 2000C in an atmosphere containing moisture. By this process, unstable terminal groups such as terminal carboxylic acid groups and coloration caused by such terminal groups are effectively removed from the fluorine-containing polymer, and furthermore unstable bonds in the backbones can be removed. The obtained fluorine-containing polymer contains 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluoropolymer by polymerizing one or more radically polymerizable monomers comprising at least one fluoroolefin monomer in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator and as case demands, an inactive fluorocarbon and chain transfer agent in a reaction field where at least one of components forming the reaction field is in a supercritical state. According to the preparation process, generation of unstable end groups of the polymer, a decrease in a purity and complicated post-treatment can be eliminated.

Abstract: Hydrogen fluoride is effectively removed from a mixture of hydrogen fluoride, dichloromethane, chlorofluoromethane and/or difluoromethane by distilling the mixture so that two-component azeotropic mixtures of hydrogen fluoride and dichloromethane, hydrogen fluoride and chlorofluoromethane and hydrogen fluoride and difluoromethane are removed, or by liquid-separating the mixture into an upper liquid phase rich in hydrogen fluoride and a lower liquid phase not rich in hydrogen fluoride before each liquid phase is distilled as described above.

Abstract: A melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer is melt kneaded with a kneader which has a residence time of at least 10 minutes, a usable volume ratio (usable space in a container/space in a container) of larger than 0.3, and a power factor K of less than 8000, the power factor K being represented by the formula: K=Pv/&mgr;/n2 in which Pv is a power requirement per unit volume (W/m3), &mgr; is a melt viscosity (Pa.s), and n is a rotation speed (rps), to effectively remove terminal groups and bonds in the backbones, which are unstable during melt kneading, from the melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer, and obtain a colorless fluorine-containing polymer.

Abstract: A melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer is melt kneaded with a kneader which has a residence time of at least 10 minutes, a usable volume ratio (usable space in a container/space in a container) of larger than 0.3, and a power factor K of less than 8000, the power factor K being represented by the formula: K=Pv/&mgr;/n2 in which Pv is a power requirement per unit volume (W/m3), &mgr; is a melt viscosity (Pa.s), and n is a rotation speed (rps), to effectively remove terminal groups and bonds in the backbones, which are unstable during melt kneading, from the melt-processable fluorine-containing polymer, and obtain a colorless fluorine-containing polymer.

Abstract: To positively prevent a pressure medium sealed into an outer tube from leaking out from a clearance relative to an oil damper, there is provided a seal construction of a shock absorber 1 with leveling function wherein a seal mechanism 3 is disposed in an outer tube 2 to slidably insert a shock absorber 4 thereinto, a piston rod 5 extending from the shock absorber 4 is connected on the outer tube 2 side, a pressure medium sealed into the outer tube 2 is heated by a heating means 7 and leveling is carried out while controlling the support force exerting on the shock absorber 4, the seal construction being constituted that a free piston 15 is interposed opposite to the seal mechanism 3 between the outer tube 2 and the shock absorber 4, and the seal mechanism 3 and the free piston 15 compart and form a lubricating oil chamber 16 therebetween whereas the free piston 15 is always biased toward the lubricating oil chamber 16.

Abstract: A machine tool rotational indexing device is provided that is capable of increasing transmission efficiency by preventing slip in transmitting a turning force of a gear mechanism and coping with high-speed rotational indexing with restrained heat generation. The device has a swivel slide loaded with a workpiece or a tool and is rotationally and indexably mounted in a specified rotational angle position on a fixed base. A large spur gear is provided in an outer peripheral portion of the swivel slide. A small spur gear meshed with the large spur gear is provided on an intermediate shaft arranged parallel to a rotational axis A of the swivel slide. A driving shaft arranged perpendicular to the rotational axis A and the intermediate shaft are connected to each other with a hypoid gear. The position of the large and small spur gears and the hypoid gear is adjustable to reduce backlash.