Abstract: A display apparatus of the invention which detects an obstacle put on a display unit, and modifies a place or manner of a display to be performed, comprising the display unit having a display surface; a detecting unit for detecting a display-obstructed area on the display surface where a display-obstructing factor is present; a shifting unit for shifting the area of displayed contents to a displayable area other than the display-obstructed area, when the display-obstructed area is detected; and a display control unit for displaying the displayed contents shifted by the shifting unit in the area other than the display-obstructed area.

Abstract: A display apparatus of the invention which detects an obstacle put on a display unit, and modifies a place or manner of a display to be performed, comprising the display unit having a display surface; a detecting unit for detecting a display-obstructed area on the display surface where a display-obstructing factor is present; a shifting unit for shifting the area of displayed contents to a displayable area other than the display-obstructed area, when the display-obstructed area is detected; and a display control unit for displaying the displayed contents shifted by the shifting unit in the area other than the display-obstructed area.

Abstract: A gas stream classifier has a gas stream classifying means for classifying a feed powder supplied from a feed supply nozzle, into at least a coarse powder fraction, a median powder fraction and a fine powder fraction by an inertia force acting on particles and a centrifugal force acting on a curved gas stream due to Coanda effect in a classification zone, wherein the classification zone is defined by at least a Coanda block and a plurality of classifying edges, the feed supply nozzle is attached at the top of the gas stream classifier, the Coanda block is attached on one side of the feed supply nozzle, and the feed supply nozzle has at its rear end a feed powder intake portion for supplying the feed powder, and a high-pressure air intake portion.

Abstract: A gas current classifier which comprises a classifying chamber, a material feed nozzle for introducing a material powder into the classification zone of the classifying chamber, and a Coanda block for classifying the material powder thus introduced by the Coanda effect to separate the powder into at least a fraction of fine powder and a fraction of coarse powder, wherein the material feed nozzle has a material receiving opening for introducing the material powder into the material feed nozzle the material powder is introduced into the classification zone from an orifice of the material feed nozzle while its flow is accelerated by the gas stream within the material feed nozzle and the Coanda block is provided at a position higher than the orifice of the material feed nozzle.

Abstract: A gas stream classifier has a gas stream classifier for classifying a feed powder supplied from a feed supply nozzle, into at least a coarse powder fraction, a median powder fraction and a fine powder fraction by an inertia force acting on particles and a centrifugal force acting on a curved gas stream due to Coanda effect in a classification zone, wherein the classification zone is defined by at least a Coanda block and a plurality of classifying edges, the feed supply nozzle is attached at the top of the gas stream classifier, the Coanda block is attached on one side of the feed supply nozzle, and the feed supply nozzle has at its rear end a feed powder intake portion for supplying the feed powder, and a high-pressure air intake portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic impact pulverizer is disclosed which has a nozzle for feeding high-pressure gas, a tube for transporting and accelerating a pulverizing material, a pulverization chamber, and an impact member for pulverizing the material. The impact member is opposed to an outlet of the accelerating tube and has at least a first impact face projecting toward the accelerating tube side and a second impact face sloped toward the downstream side. The pulverization chamber has at least a first sidewall positioned on the side more upstream than the outermost edge of the second impact face and a second sidewall positioned on the downstream side of the first sidewall. The pulverization chamber is enlarged at its part on the side more upstream than the outermost edge of the second impact face so that the cross-sectional area of the inside of the chamber at that part is larger than that of the inside of the chamber corresponding to the outermost edge of the second impact face.

Abstract: A gas current classifier has a material feed nozzle, a Coanda block, a classifying wedge and a classifying wedge block having the classifying wedge. The Coanda block and the classifying wedge define a classification zone, and the classifying wedge block is set up in the manner that its location is changeable so that the form of the classification zone can be changed.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the surfaces of solid particles has at least a first cylindrical treating chamber and a rotary shaft and a first rotor having two or more blades on its front face, contained in the first cylindrical treating chamber. A powder charging aperture for introducing the solid particles into the first cylindrical treating chamber together with gas is provided at the center of the front wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the front face of the first rotor. A first powder discharging aperture for discharging the treated solid particles is provided at the center of the rear wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the rear face of the first rotor. The first rotor is connected with the rotary shaft and rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft. The height H.sub.a of the blades, the gap L.sub.1a between the tip of each of the blades and the front wall, the largest diameter R.sub.1a of the first rotor and the gap L.sub.

Abstract: In the present process for producing a toner, previous to the melt-kneading process, the binder resin particles and colorant particles are mixed and treated to application of shear, compression and impact forces to fasten, or fix, the colorant particles to the binder resin particles.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images, includes toner particles and 10-500 isolated low-molecular weight wax particles per 10,000 toner particles. The toner has a melt index as measured at 125.degree. C. under a load of 98 N of at least 10. The toner particles comprise at least a binder resin, a colorant and the low-molecular weight wax. The low-molecular weight wax comprises a compound represented by the formula of: R--Y, wherein R denotes a hydrocarbon group, and Y denotes a hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, alkyl ether group or alkyl ester group. The low-molecular weight wax has a thermal property providing a DSC curve as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter exhibiting: (i) a maximum heat-absorption peak having a peak temperature in a temperature range of 70.degree.-130.degree. C.; (ii) a heat-absorption peak including the maximum heat-absorption peak showing an onset temperature of at least 50.degree. C., and (iii) a maximum heat-evolution peak in a range of .+-.15.degree. C.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an accelerating tube for carrying and accelerating powder to be pulverized with high-pressure gas and a pulverizing chamber for pulverizing the powder to be pulverized. The back end of the accelerating tube is provided with a pulverization powder feed port for feeding powder to be pulverized to the accelerating tube, the pulverizing chamber has an impact member having an impact surface opposed to the opening plane of the outlet of the accelerating tube, the and a side wall against which the powder to be pulverized that has been pulverized by the impact member collides to further pulverize.

Abstract: A gas current toner classifier has a material feed nozzle, a Coanda block, a classifying wedge and a classifying wedge block having the classifying wedge.The Coanda block and the classifying wedge define a classification zone, and the classifying wedge block is set up in the manner that its location is changeable so that the form of the classification zone can be changed. A method of producing toner using said classifier is also described.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an accelerating tube for carrying and accelerating powder to be pulverized with high-pressure gas and a pulverizing chamber for pulverizing the powder to be pulverized. The back end of the accelerating tube is provided with a pulverization powder feed port for feeding powder to be pulverized to the accelerating tube, the pulverizing chamber has an impact member having an impact surface opposed to the opening plane of the outlet of the accelerating tube, and a side wall against which the powder to be pulverized that has been pulverized by the impact member collides to further pulverize. The closest distance from the side wall to a margin of the impact member is shorter than the closest distance from the front wall of the pulverizing chamber opposed to the impact surface to the margin of the impact member to prevent pulverized powder from fusing, coagulating, and getting coarser, and prevent localized abrasion of an impact surface the impact member and the accelerating tube.

Abstract: A gas stream classifier includes: a gas stream classifying means for classifying feed powder into at least a coarse powder fraction and a fine powder fraction by an inertia force acting on particles and a centrifugal force acting on a curved gas stream due to Coanda effect in a classifying chamber, and a feed supply pipe opening into the classifying chamber for supplying the feed powder into the classifying chamber. The efficiency of the classifier is improved by providing the feed supply pipe with a mixing zone for mixing an upper stream and a lower stream of the feed powder and an accompanying gas stream, respectively flowing through within the feed supply pipe. The classifier is particularly suitably used for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images having a sharp particle size distribution from toner particles having a weight-average particle size of at most 10 .mu.m, especially at most 8 .mu.m.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an acceleration pipe for transporting powders under acceleration by a high pressure gas, a pulverization chamber, a collision member for pulverizing the powders ejected from the acceleration pipe by a force of collision, the collision member being provided against the outlet of the acceleration pipe, a raw material powder supply inlet provided on the acceleration pipe, and a secondary air inlet provided between the raw material powder supply inlet and the outlet of the acceleration pipe.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer includes an accelerating tube for conveying and accelerating a material to be pulverlized by a high-pressure gas and a pulverizing chamber for finely pulverizing the material to be pulverized. The pulverizing chamber is provided with a colliding member having a colliding surface provided in opposed relation to an outlet of the accelerating tube. The colliding surface of the colliding member has a protruding central portion, and an outer peripheral colliding surface provided around the protruding central portion for secondarily pulverizing the material primarily pulverized by the protruding central portion. The pulverizing chamber has a side wall for performing tertiary pulverization on the material secondarily pulverized by the outer peripheral colliding surface.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an acceleration pipe for transporting powders under acceleration by a high pressure gas, a pulverization chamber, a collision member for pulverizing the powders ejected from the acceleration pipe by a force of collision, the collision member being provided against the outlet of the acceleration pipe, a raw material powder supply inlet provided on the acceleration pipe, and a secondary air inlet provided between the raw material powder supply inlet and the outlet of the acceleration pipe.

Abstract: A separator for classifying powder with air current comprises at least a classifying chamber and an introducing section for introducing powder into the classifying chamber, a powder feeding inlet for feeding powder formed at the upper portion of the classifying chamber, a cone-shaped classifying plate with a high central portion formed at the lower portion of the classifying chamber, a coarse powder discharging outlet for discharging coarse powder provided at the lower brim outer periphery of the classifying plate, a fine powder discharging outlet for discharging fine powder provided at the central portion of the classifying plate, a gas inflower for dispersing powder by whirling gas provided at the upper outer periphery of the classifying chamber, and a gas inflow inlet for creating a whirling current of gas for classifying powder provided at the lower portion of the classifying chamber.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is produced by classifying a pulverized feed material in a first classifying means into coarse powder and fine powder; pulverizing the coarse powder and feeding back the pulverized product to the first classifying means; introducing the fine powder to a second classifying means having a multi-division classification zone divided into at least three sections, where it is classified into a coarse powder portion, a median powder portion, and a fine powder portion; and feeding back the coarse powder to said pulverizing means or first classifying means. The median powder has a volume average particle diameter of from 4 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m and a coefficient of variation of number distribution, represented by A, satisfying the following condition: 20.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.45, and the weights B, C, F, G and M are controlled to satisfy the expressions: 0.3 .ltoreq.weight B/weight C.ltoreq.0.8, 0.2.ltoreq.weight G/weight C.ltoreq.0.7 and 0.8.ltoreq.

Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an accelerating pipe for conveying and accelerating powder by a high pressure gas, a pulverizing chamber and an impinging member which pulverizes the powder jetted out from the accelerating pipe through impinging force. The impinging member is provided in the pulverizing chamber as opposed to the accelerating pipe outlet and the impinging member has an impinging surface with a tip portion having a conical shape with an apex angle of 110.degree. to 175.degree.. In this way, powder is pulverized at the impinging surface of the impinging member and dispersed substantially in the entire circumferential direction after impinging and the powder dispersed may impinge secondarily on the wall of the pulverizing chamber.