Abstract: A powertrain system for a vehicle is described. The powertrain system includes a first energy storage unit, a second energy storage unit, and an electronic control unit coupled to the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit. The first energy storage unit is configured to provide power to drive a first set of wheels of the vehicle. The second energy storage unit is configured to provide power to drive a second set of wheels of the vehicle different from the first set of wheels. The first and second energy storage units have different energy storage and/or energy discharge characteristics. The electronic control unit is programmed to control a charge and/or a discharge operation of the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit. The powertrain system is capable of implementing control strategies for optimizing energy and power to meet various driving demands of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and at least one computer-readable medium for selecting a velocity profile for an electric vehicle. In some embodiments, a first parameter value may be determined for a road segment in a selection horizon, and a second parameter value may be determined for an energy storage device of the electric vehicle. The first and second parameter values may be used to predict a plurality of velocity profiles over the selection horizon, wherein each velocity profile is predicted based on a corresponding value of a variable relating to a driving style of a driver of the electric vehicle. An energy consumption cost and a travel time cost may be computed for each velocity profile. A velocity profile may be selected from the plurality of velocity profiles, based on the respective energy consumption costs and the respective travel time costs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and at least one computer-readable medium are described. The system comprises at least one processor and at least one computer-readable storage medium having encoded thereon instructions that, when executed, program the at least one processor to for each candidate model of a plurality of candidate models, determine a reward for using the candidate model in a context, wherein the context comprises a value of a feature selected from a group consisting of, a feature relating to an environment in which an energy application is operating, a feature relating to the energy application, and a feature relating to one or more energy storage devices associated with the energy application. The at least one processor being further programmed to select a model from the plurality of candidate models, based at least in part on the respective rewards for using the candidate models in the context.